Lesson 3.1: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING TABLE:
Shape of
Molecules
Volume of
Molecules
Movement of
Molecules
Sketch of
Molecules
Solid
Liquid
Gases
Briefly describe and define these lesser known states of matter (Include 2-3 facts about each):
Plasma-
Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)-
KINETIC THEORY:
kinetic energy- _________________________________________________________
The faster an object moves, ________________________________________________
The kinetic theory of matter states that _____________________________________________
EXPLAINING THE BEHAVIOR OF GASES:
You can compare the movement of gases to _________________________________________
What is transferred during those collisions? _________________________________
Unlike the billiard balls, the particles of gases are ___________________________________
During the collisions between gases one atom _____________ and the other ________________
*Even though the particles are attracted to one another, they are moving too fast to be affected
EXPLAINING BEHAVIOR OF LIQUIDS:
The reason liquids have a definite volume instead of expanding is _______________________________
Another reason is the particles are ______________________________________
Since they are so close, the forces of attraction ______________________________________
The movement of liquid particles is like ____________________________________________
EXPLAINING THE BEHAVIOR OF SOLIDS:
You can compare the motion of solid particles to _______________________________________
Particles in a solid have a definite size and shape because they ____________________________________
QUESTIONS:
1) How are shape and volume used to classify solids, liquids, and gases?
2) What does the kinetic theory say about the motion of atoms?
3) How is a gas able to fill a container of any size or shape?
4) Use kinetic theory and attractive forces to explain why a solid has a definite shape and volume.
5) How does the arrangement of particles in a solid differ from the arrangement of atoms in a liquid?
Lesson 3.2: The Gas Laws
Pressure is a result of force distributed _________________________
The SI unit for pressure is ___________________________________
What causes pressure in a closed container? _________________________________________
Name three factors that affect pressure and describe the relationship:
1) _____________________: _________________________________
2) _____________________: _________________________________
3) _____________________: _________________________________
GAS LAWS
Charles’s Law-states that the temperature and volume were _____________________________
As temperature increases, volume ________________________
The graph of temperature and volume is a ___________________ with a y-intercept of ___________
The formula for Charles Law is:
The temperatures must be expressed in _____________________
Boyle’s Law- states that the volume of a gas is _____________________________ to the pressure
The graph of this relationship is a ___________________________________
The formula for Boyle’s Law is:
The Combined Gas Law-combines the relationships described by _____________________________
The formula for the Combined Gas Law is:
The Combined Gas Law is useful because in natural settings _________________________________
QUESTIONS:
1) How is pressure produced in a closed container? ________________________________________
2) What are three factors that affect gas pressure? ________________________________________
3) How does increasing temperature affect the pressure? ___________________________________
4) What happens to the pressure of a gas if the volume is reduced? ___________________________
5) How does increasing the number of particles affect pressure? ______________________________
Lesson 3.3: Phase Changes
Phase Change- _____________________________________________________________________
There are six common phase changes:
Melting: ____________________________ Example: _________________________________
Freezing: ____________________________ Example: _________________________________
Vaporization: ________________________ Example: _________________________________
Vaporization includes two processes— boiling and evaporation
What is the difference between the two vaporization processes?
Condensation: _______________________ Example: _________________________________
Sublimation: _________________________ Example: _________________________________
Deposition: __________________________ Example: _________________________________
The temperature of a substance __________________________________ during a phase change
You can spot where a phase change occurs on a graph:
ENERGY AND PHASE CHANGES
Energy is either _______________________________________________ during a phase change
If energy is absorbed or must be added, it is called ______________________________________
The heat of fusion is the energy absorbed when something __________________________
The heat of vaporization is the energy absorbed when something ____________________
If energy is released during a phase change, it is called __________________________________
GAS LAW PROBLEMS:
CHARLES’ LAW- Temperature and Volume are Directly Related (As one increases, so does the other)
FORMULA:
EXAMPLE PROBLEM: A truck tire holds 25.0 liters of air at 25 °C. If the temperature drops to 0 °C, and the pressure
remains constant, what will be the new volume of the tire?
BOYLE’S LAW- Pressure and Volume are INVERSELY related (As one increases, the other decreses)
FORMULA:
EXAMPLE PROBLEM: A kit used to fix flat tires consists of an aerosol can containing compressed air and a patch to
seal the hole in the tire. Suppose 10.0 L of air at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kilopascals, or kPa) is compressed into a
1.0-L aerosol can. What is the pressure of the compressed air in the can?
Boyle's Law Practice Problems
1. The air inside a tire pump occupies a volume of 130.0 mL at a pressure of one atmosphere. If the volume
decreases to 40.0 mL, what is the pressure, in atmospheres, inside the pump?
2. A gas occupies a volume of 20.0 mL at 9,000. Pa. If the pressure is lowered to 5,000. Pa, what volume will
the gas occupy?
3. You pump 25.0 L of air at atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) into a soccer ball that has a volume of 4.50 L.
What is the pressure inside the soccer ball if the temperature does not change?
Charles's Law Problems
1. If a truck tire holds 25.0 liters of air at 25.0 °C, what is the new volume of air in the tire if the
temperature increases to 30.0 °C?
2. A balloon holds 20.0 liters of helium at 10.0 °C. If the temperature increases to 50.0 °C, and the pressure
does not change, what is the new volume of the balloon?