Chapter 3 Study Guide
Section 1
 Vocabulary: solid, liquid, gas, kinetic energy
 Know that matter can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on
whether their shapes and volume are definite or variable (change).
 Solids: definite shape, definite volume, atoms are packed close together in a
pattern
 Liquids: NO definite shape (variable), definite volume, atoms are close
together in a random arrangement; take the shape of their container
 Gases: NO definite shape (variable), NO definite volume (variable), atoms are
spread out and have no pattern; take the shape of their container
 Know other states of matter: know what Plasma is, be able to give an
example (stars) and know what Bose-Einstein condesate (BEC) is
 Know Kinetic Theory
 There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter
 Know behavior and Kinetic Theory of Gases
o Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion
o The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other
particles unless the particles collide
o Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under
ordinary conditions
 Behavior of liquids and gases
Section 2
 Vocabulary: pressure, absolute zero, charles’ law, boyle’s law
 Pressure: SI unit of pressure is pascal (Pa), 1 kPa= 1,000 Pa, equation for
finding pressure- Pressure= Force ÷ Area
 What factors affect gas pressure and how? (temperature, volume, and
number of particles)
 Charles’ Law
o Know what a Charles Law graph looks like (see pg. 78 in book or my
webpage)
o Know how to work Charles’ Law word problems
o Know that volume is directly proportional to temperature, number of
particles and pressure are held constant
o Temperature must be in kelvin
 Boyle’s Law
o Know what a Boyle’s Law graph looks like (see pg. 78 in book or my
webpage)
o Know how to work word problems
o Know that volume is inversely proportional to pressure, temperature
and number of particles are held constant
 Combined Gas Law
o MEMORIZE THIS EQUATION (this one equation will help you work
ANY of the gas law word problems)
o Be able to work word problems
o It is the relationship among temperature, volume, and pressure;
number of particles is held constant
Section 3
 Vocabulary: phase change, endothermic, heat of fusion, exothermic,
vaporization, heat of vaporization, evaporation, vapor pressure,
condensation, sublimation, deposition
 Know phase change and the 6 common phase changes- make sure you know
and can label the triangle diagram of the phase changes (see pg. 85, my
powerpoint notes, or webpage for diagram)
 Know what temperature does during a phase change
 Know the types of energy changes: endothermic and exothermic (also know
what heat of fusion is)
 Know what happens to the arrangement of molecules during ALL phase
changes
 Know what happens to kinetic energy during/between ALL phase changes
 What is melting? What is freezing?
 What is boiling, condensation, sublimation, deposition, vaporization,
evaporation, heat of vaporization (know if it is endo- or exo- thermic
Check my webpage for extra practice on the math problems.
Make sure if given a picture of molecules you could tell if it was a solid, liquid,
or gas. (See pictures below)
Be able to label the parts of a temperature curve. (See curves below. They are
the same one is just already labeled.)
(small vibrations)
From A to B- solid, temperature is rising
From B to C- melting point, temperature remains constant, phase change from
solid to liquid
From C to D- liquid, temperature is rising
From D to E- boiling point, temperature remains constant, phase change from
liquid to gas
From E to F- gas, temperature is rising