AP PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 4 - SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
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How does perception differ from sensation?
Describe the three general principles underlying the processes of sensation and perception.
Explain the following features that are common to all sensory modalities:
transductionabsolute thresholdsdifference thresholdsensory adaptationjust noticeable differenceWhat is augmented cognition? How is it being used in military training?
How do photoreceptors transform light into sight?
What are receptive fields and what are their function?
What is the role of feature detectors in the primary visual cortex?
How do simple cells, complex cells and hypercomplex cells differ from each other?
Differentiate between "what" and "where" pathways.
Describe the three psychological dimensions of color.
What is the trichromatic theory of color?
What is the opponent-process theory of color, and how does it explain afterimages and color blindness?
What is the difference between the acoustic energy properties of frequency, complexity, and amplitude?
What are the roles of the outer, middle, and inner ear in the process of hearing?
How do humans localize sound?
How is smell transduced?
How is taste transduced?
What is meant by the term, phantom limbs?
What are the three qualities that constitute the sense of touch?
Describe two proprioceptive senses - kinesthesia and the vestibular system.
Describe the two hallmarks of perception discussed in Chapter 4.
Distinguish between the following fur aspects of perceptual organization: form perception, depth
perception, motion perception and perceptual constancy.
What are the six basic perceptual rules, according to Gestalt psychologists, that the brain follows as it
organizes sensory input into meaningful wholes?
What is Biederman's recognition-by-components theory? How would it explain channel surfing?
How do binocular cues differ from monocular cues? How do these types of cues provide information about
depth and distance?
Describe eight monocular depth cues outlined in the text.
Explain each of the following forms of perceptual constancy:
color constancyshape constancysize constancyHow is size constancy involved in the Muller-Lyer and the Ponzo illusions? In what ways do culture and
experience affect susceptibility to these illusions?
Describe bottom-up and top-down processing be viewed as complementary approaches?
How do context and schemas influence the interpretation of experience?
Can motivation influence perception?
Vocabulary Terms
audition
auditory nerve
bipolar cells
cochlea
cones
cornea
eardrum or tympanic membrane
Fechner's Law
fovea
frequency theory
ganglion cells
good continuation
gustation
olfaction
olfactory nerve
optic nerve
perception
pheromones
place theory
psychophysics
retina
rods
Stevens's power of law
taste buds
vestibular sense
Young-Helmholtz theory of color