Kevin Wheeler
Room 208
11/28/11
Athens
 It Was famous of all the city-states of ancient Greece. It was
birthplace of democracy and, at the same time, home to a
lot of rulers of it’s government . Home to great problem
solvers and the School of Athens. Home to the Festival, an
annual dramatic showcase. Home to giant fleet, which
helped defeat Persia. A war with Sparta led to the
Peloponnesian War, which ended in a Spartan victory.
Athens was home to the great philosopher Socrates. His
student Plato founded his Academy near Athens, and
Plato's student Aristotle founded his educational intitution
nearby as well. Athens was also home to historians,
scientists, mathematicians, and other great thinkers.
Athens
Sparta
 Most strong of all ancient Greek city-states. Focus was
constantly on war as an outgrowth of the city-state.
Boys were expected to be soldiers; girls were expected
to grow up and take care of the children who grew up
to be soldiers. To make sure that the army got as many
soldiers as it needed, Sparta depended on slaves
and helots (people nearby who were forced to work) to
do operated work .Of course, helots populated the
army as well.
Sparta
Food
They had food like bread, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, and
meals. The bread was white bread, biscuits, bread bran,
cheap bread and rolls. The meat was goat, lamb, hare,
sausage, snails, boar, and other animals. The fish was
catfish, crab, eel, lobster, clams, trout, tuna and other fish.
The fruits was apple, almonds, figs, grapes, pomegranates,
and other fruits. The vegetables was asparagus, beans,
beets, broccoli, lettuce, cabbages, and other vegetables.
The meals was breakfast, they had a wheat bread biscuit;
bread dipped in wine; bread flavored with a little cheese
and dried fruits. The lunch was eggs, with bread and
cheese or leftovers from yesterday. The dinner was wheat
meal porridge.
Food
War and Weapons
They had about 40 to 50 wars, here are a bunch of
them here roman-Etruscan wars, First Samnite war
(343-341 BC, Latin war (340-338 BC), Second Samnite
war(326-304 BC), Third Samnite war (298-290 BC),
Pyyrhic war (280-275 BC),First Punic war (264-241
BC) First Illyrian war (229-228 BC),Second Illyrian
war(220-219 BC), Second Punic war(218-201 BC), and
First Macedonian war(214-205 BC). The weapons were
the chassis(helmet), Lorica Segmentata(armor)
Gladius(sword) 18-24 in. long Pilium (medium-length
throwing spear) Scutum (shield) Red Battle Cloak and
Sandals.
War and Weapons
Government
Their government (in its entire history from founding to fall) was a
strange mix of a democracy and a republic. A interesting thing is that
the people of Rome took many of their ideas of government from the
Ancient Greeks.
The Roman state was indicated as the republic (respublica) and
its political office or chief magistrates, continued to be equipped even
after the establishment of the one-man rule under the empire, but in
its free form it lasted only until the beginning of the first century B.C.
At the creation of the republic, supreme power probably was situated
with a popular assembly, but early on the Senate became very forceful ,
and the traditional formula, which survived for centuries, was S.P.Q.R.
- Senatus Populusque Romanus - the Roman Senate and People acting
together. Since the Ancient Romans did not want one man to make all
of the laws, they decided to balance the power of the government
between three branches, there was first the executive branch, then the
legislative branch, and finally the judicial branch.
Goverment
Roman Numerals
I=1, II=2, III=3, and they thought it was much to make other numbers. So the Romans
changed the symbol for 5-V. Placing I in front of the V, or placing any smaller letter in
front of any larger number —creates subtraction. So IV means 4. After V comes a series of
adding - VI means 6, VII means 7, VIII means 8.XX means 10. So when you put a smaller
letter in the back of a larger letter it means addition Numbers in the teens, twenties and
thirties follow the same way as the first bunch, so X means the tens. So XXXI is 31, and
XXIV is 24.LL means 50. So subtraction of another number in front of it like LX= 40. And
60, 70, and 80 are LX, LXX and LXXX.CC stands for centum, the Latin word for 100.The
subtraction for 90 is written as XC. Like the X's and L's, the C's are fasten on to the
beginning of numbers to indicate how many hundreds it is : CCCLXIX is 369.DD stands
for 500. So ac in front of it is CD means 400. So mixing all the letters together is
CDXLVIII is 448. MM= 1,000. You see a lot of these because they’re used a lot to show
dates.
V
Larger numbers were indicated by putting a horizontal line over them, which meant to
multiply the number by 1,000. Move it to the left, now it means 5,000. This usage is no
longer in process now, because the largest numbers usually shown in the Roman system
as dates. So, that Roman Numerals.
Roman Numerals