THE PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS
NOUNS
• A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Person:
• Joe
• my friend
• teachers
• the swimmer
NOUNS
• A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Place:
• COTR
• Canada
• Cranbrook
• a park
NOUNS
• A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Thing:
• your desk
• volcanos
• cars
• elephants
NOUNS
• A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea.
• Idea:
• love
• work
• studying
• exercise
PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• A proper noun is a
noun that has a NAME.
• All proper nouns start
with a capital (BIG)
letter.
• John is sitting by Jamie.
• Cranbrook is in British
Columbia.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• A common noun is a
noun that IS NOT
PROPER.
• Usually, common nouns
start with small letters.
• That boy is sitting by that
girl.
• This city is in a province.
GENERAL NOUNS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• A general noun is a noun
that is a big group of
things.
• I like cars.
• You aren’t talking about
something specific. You
are talking about many
things in many places.
• People should drive less.
• (Many cars in many
places).
• (Many people in many
places)
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• You have to remember
that general nouns will
be used in the PLURAL
and NO ARTICLE!
• If you don’t, people
think you are talking
about specific ones!
• I like cars.
• (Many cars in many
places).
• I like the cars.
• “Which cars?”
• “What cars are you
talking about?”
COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• A count noun is a noun
that you can count.
• How many cakes do you
have?
• Almost all nouns are
count nouns.
• She gave us many
books.
• We put an “s” at the
end of plural count
nouns.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• A non-count noun is a
noun that you can’t
count.
• We DO NOT put an “s”
at the end of noncount nouns!
• How much water is in this
cup?
• You cannot say “1 water
is in this cup”.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• With non-count nouns,
we use different words
than count nouns!
• To measure them, we
always use OF.
• How much water is in this
cup?
• I see 475ml OF water in
this cup!
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
COUNT NOUNS
NON-COUNT NOUNS
MANY, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6…
MUCH, no numbers!
FEW
LITTLE
S for plural
no plurals!
CAKES ARE
BUTTER IS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• To see the common
groups of non-count
nouns, please check
an ELP Reference
Booklet (see me for
instructions on printing
them out! 
• How much oxygen is
there?
• That smoke is disgusting!
• Rice is very common.
PRONOUNS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF NOUNS
• A pronoun replaces a
noun.
• A dog ran into the room.
It had a black nose.
• In these sentences, the
pronouns are talking
about the nouns in
blue.
• I have a friend who is
from China.
• I lost my phone. This makes
me sad.
COMMON PRONOUN TYPES
Subject
Object
Possessive
Reflexive
Demonstrative
Relative
I
me
mine
myself
this
which
you
you
yours
yourself
yourselves (pl)
that
who
he
him
his
himself
these
that
she
her
hers
herself
those
whom
it
it
its
itself
we
us
ours
ourselves
they
them
theirs
themselves
VERBS
VERBS
• A verb is an action or state.
• Action:
• Run
• Scream
• Jump
• Swim
VERBS
• A verb is an action or state.
• State:
• be
• smell
• have
• think
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERBS
• These two groups of
verbs are called action
and non-action verbs.
• I am running right now.
• Non-action verbs
cannot be used with
ING verb tenses!
• He’s studying.
• Now this binder feels
wet.
• We’re sad.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VERBS
• When we have a verb
tense, there are 3 big
types:
• MAIN VERBS
• MODALS
• HELPING VERBS
• I run often.
• I may run often.
• I don’t run often.
• She hates me.
• Will she hate me?
• She could hate me.
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES
• Adjectives describe a
noun or pronoun.
• This is a nice binder.
• They are usually before
a noun or AFTER some
verbs (feel, be, etc.)
• My blue bag is on the
floor.
• I am sad.
ADJECTIVES
• Comparative
adjectives are used to
talk about the
differences between
two things.
• He is nicer than you.
• Is she as smart as you
are?
COMPARING ADJECTIVES
• To discuss comparison,
there are some rules:
• We usually use these
structures:
• Comparative
adjective + than
• as normal adjective as
• He is nicer than you.
• Is she as smart as you
are?
MAKING COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
• If an adjective is 1
syllable or 2 syllables
and common, we use
________er.
• He is nicer than you.
• My teacher is funnier
than your teacher.
• I was happier when I was
young.
MAKING COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
• If an adjective is 2
syllables and
uncommon or 3+
syllables, we use more
______ and less _____.
• He is more beautiful than
she is.
• He is less polite than my
friend was.
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
• For an adjective that is
the most of something,
we use:
• The _______est
• The most ________
• The least _________
• Which is the tallest
building in the world?
• My friend is the smartest.
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
• We call them
superlative adjectives.
• Which is the tallest
building in the world?
• For formation, use the
same rules as
comparative
adjectives.
• My friend is the smartest.
IRREGULAR COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES
REGULAR ADJECTIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
good
better
best
bad
worse
worst
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
little
less
least
much/many
more
most
ARTICLES + NUMBERS
• Articles and numbers
are both adjectives.
• I have a friend.
• Three men are angry.
ADVERBS
ADVERBS
• Adverbs describe:
1. Adjectives
2. Adverbs
3. Verbs
• I am really mad right
now!
• She runs very quickly.
• He studies hard.
ADVERBS
• To make an adjective,
you can add LY at the
end of an adjective.
• Be careful:
• friendly
• lonely
• elderly
• are ADJECTIVES!
• I am quick. I run quickly.
• He is angry. He’s talking
angrily.
• We are sad. We’re
studying sadly.
ADVERBS
• We can compare
adverbs using:
• I run as quickly as you
do.
• As…as
• No, I run more quickly!
• More
• No, you run less quickly!
• Less
• Most
• Least
ADVERBS
• just
• Here are some
examples of common • now
adverbs that DON’T • here
end in LY:
• where
• very
• when
• also
• again
• more
• today
• too
• tomorrow
• as
ADVERBS
• Adverbs can go in 3
places:
• Beginning of clause
• Before the main verb
• End of clause
• Today, I’m going home.
• Where are you studying
tonight?
• I don’t usually know
when she gets here.
OTHER PARTS OF
SPEECH
CONJUNCTIONS
• Conjunctions connect
ideas.
• He’s nice, but I’m not
very sure about him.
• We’ll talk about the
different types later.
• If you leave now, I’ll be
very angry!
PREPOSITIONS
• Prepositions form
prepositional phrases,
which describe a noun
or action.
• Prepositional phrases
start with a preposition
and end with a noun!
• The man (in the garden)
is looking (for you).
• (After school), I’m going
(to the mall) (with my
friends).
INTERJECTIONS
• Interjections are words
that don’t fit into the
other groups.
• They’re normally words
that are spoken.
• They often have
exclamation points (!)
after them!
• Hello!
• Ow!
• Aww!
• Yay!
• Wow!
IN SUMMARY: THE PARTS OF SPEECH
1. NOUNS
-count
-non-count
-general
-proper
-common
5. PRONOUNS
-subject, object,
relative, possessive,
etc.
2. ADJECTIVES
-comparative
-superlative
-as...as /than
6. ARTICLES
-definite
-indefinite
3. ADVERBS
-3 positions
-comparative
-superlative
-as…as/than
7. PREPOSITIONS
-prepositional
phrases
4. VERBS
-action
-non-action
-helping verb
-modal
-main verb
8. CONJUNCTIONS
9. INTERJECTIONS
QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS PRESENTATION
1. WHAT IS A NOUN, VERB, ADJECTIVE, AND ADVERBS?
2. HOW ARE COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS DIFFERENT?
3. WHAT ARE GENERAL NOUNS? HOW DO WE TALK ABOUT THEM?
4. HOW ARE PROPER AND COMMON NOUNS DIFFERENT?
5. WHAT ARE PRONOUNS?
6. WHAT ARE ARTICLES?
7. WHAT ARE ACTION AND NON-ACTION VERBS?
QUESTIONS ANSWERED IN THIS PRESENTATION
8. HOW DO WE COMPARE ADJECTIVES?
9. WHAT ARE COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS?
10. WHAT ARE THE IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES?
11. WHAT ARE ADVERBS?
12. WHAT DO ADVERBS NORMALLY END WITH?
13. WHERE DO WE PUT ADVERBS? (3 PLACES)
14. WHAT ARE CONJUNCTIONS, PREPOSITIONS, AND INTERJECTIONS?