Biology Recovery
Ch. 3 & 5 Unit Test
1. The most basic unit of life is the
a. cell.
b. atom.
c. species.
d. molecule.
2. What does the polarity of the water molecule shown enable it to do?
a. become a solute
b. form hydrogen bonds
c. change temperature quickly
d. make polysaccharides
3.The organelles of different types of cells are related to the cell’s
a. equilibrium.
b. homeostasis.
c. energy.
4. The type of lipid that serves as one component of cell membranes is a(n)
a. oil.
b. nucleic acid.
c. carbohydrate.
d. function.
d. phospholipid
5. Which process is occurring when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the
cell?
a. endocytosis
b. phagocytosis
c. exocytosis
d. osmosis
6. Organisms must maintain homeostasis because cells function best when internal conditions
a. change at regular intervals.
b. remain within a limited range.
c. reflect external conditions.
d. respond to positive feedback.
7. Which of the following is a major principle upon which cell theory is based?
a. All cells form by free-cell formation.
b. All cells have DNA.
c. All organisms are made of cells.
d. All cells are eukaryotic.
8. Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell’s genetic information?
a. mitochondrion
b. centriole
c. chloroplast
d. nucleus
9. Which organelles supply energy to the cell?
a. ribosomes
b. centrosomes
d. vacuoles
c. mitochondria
10. Which organelles contain enzymes that break down old cell parts?
a. centrosomes
b. vacuoles
c. lysosomes
d. chloroplasts
11. Which organelles are unique to plant cells?
a. ribosomes
b. chloroplasts
c. vacuoles
12. Which process occurs inside the chloroplasts?
a. detoxification
b. ribosome assembly
c. photosynthesis
13. A solution that is hypotonic to a cell has
a. more solutes than the cell.
c. the same concentration of solutes as the cell.
b. fewer solutes than the cell.
d. too many solutes.
14. Which process requires no energy from the cell?
a. exocytosis
b. endocytosis
c. active transport
15. Which organelles are involved in the process called endocytosis?
a. ribosomes
b. vesicles
c. centrioles
16. An organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole is a(n)
a. adaptation.
b. arrangement.
c. system.
17. In order to grow, all organisms must
a. take in oxygen.
c. capture sunlight
d. centrosomes
d. protein synthesis
d. facilitated diffusion
d. chloroplasts
d. theory.
b. be chemosynthetic.
d. use chemical energy
18. One of the major principles of cell theory states that all cells are produced by
a. preexisting cells.
b. endocytosis.
c. free-cell formation.
d. prokaryotic cells.
19. What does the diagram in illustrate?
a. osmosis
c. a concentration gradient
b. activation energy
d. an isotonic solution
20. Which of the following structures gives strength and support to plant cells?
a. centrioles
b. chloroplasts
c. centrosomes
d. cell walls
21. A cell’s cytoskeleton provides structure and support for the cell. It also plays an important role in
a. transport of molecules within the
b. cell division and movement.
c. Packaging of proteins
d. supplying energy for cell processes
22. Scientists believe that all eukaryotes share a common ancestry because the nucleotides that make up all
eukaryotic DNA are
a. free.
b. the same.
c. complex.
d. ancient.
23. In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus contains genetic information in the form of
a. ribosomes.
b. nucleoli.
c. DNA.
d. ATP.
24. Cell theory establishes which of the following conclusions about cells?
a. All cells have the same size and shape.
b. All cells form by free-cell formation.
c. All cells are produced by other living cells.
d. All cells have a cell wall.
25.Which organelles are present both inside the nucleolus and on the surface of the ER?
a. ribosomes
b. mitochondria
c. vacuoles
d. vesicles
26. Which organelles are involved in defending a cell against viruses?
a. centrosomes
b. vacuoles
c. lysosomes
27. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both sites of
a. energy conversion.
b. energy manufacturing.
d. chloroplasts
c. photosynthesis.
d. protein synthesis.
28. Which of the following phrases best describes active transport?
a. moves substance against concentration gradient
b. forms a vesicle around a large particle
a. does not use chemical energy
d. relies on diffusion of materials
29. Which phrase best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?
a. moves molecules against a concentration gradient
c. moves only nonpolar molecules
b. requires ATP
d. requires no energy from the cell
30. If a cell cannot move enough material through its membrane to survive, then the ratio of its surface area to
volume is
a. too large.
b. just the right size.
c. too small.
d. growing too quickly.
31. Before a cell can proceed to mitosis from the gap 2 stage of the cell cycle, it must
a. double in size.
b. complete a full cell cycle.
c. undergo cytokinesis.
d. pass a critical checkpoint.
32. During interphase a cell grows, duplicates organelles, and
a. copies DNA.
b. divides the nucleus.
c. divides the cytoplasm.
d. produces a new cell.
33. Why do the cells lining the stomach divide more quickly than those in the liver?
a. They are much smaller cells.
b. They have fewer chromosomes.
c. They need much more surface area.
d. They undergo more wear and tear.
34. One difference between a cancer cell and a normal cell is that
a. Cancer cells divide uncontrollably.
b. cancer cells cannot make copies of DNA.
c. Normal cells divide uncontrollably.
d. normal cells cannot make copies of DNA.
35. Which organism is capable of reproduction through asexual mitosis?
a. horse
b. oak tree
c. bacterium
d. starfish
36. During which of the following stages shown does the cytoplasm of a cell divide?
A. Gap 1
b. Gap 2
c. synthesis
d. mitosis
37. Which statement describes the chromosome shown below?
a. It is made up of two histones.
b. It is made up of two centromeres
b. It is made up of two chromatids.
d. It is made up of two telomeres.
38. In a single-celled organism, mitosis is used for
a. development.
b. reproduction.
c. growth.
d. repair.
39. What does a cell make during the synthesis stage of the cell cycle?
a. more organelles
b. a copy of DNA
c. daughter cells
d. greater surface area
40. Which statement about the process of binary fission is true?
a. It does not involve the division of cytoplasm.
b. It does not take place in multicellular organisms.
c. It does not require any duplication of DNA.
d. It does not produce genetically identical offspring.
41. A plant’s leaf consists of
a. a group of organs.
c. organs that form a system.
b. various types of tissue.
d. many identical cells.
42. Which of the following is true of malignant tumors?
a. They do not require treatment.
b. They can cause tumors in other parts of the body.
c. They are easily removed through surgery.
d. They contain cells that stay clustered together
43. The gap 1, gap 2, and synthesis stages of the cell cycle make up
a. interphase.
b. cytokinesis.
c. telophase.
d. mitosis.
44. Molecules that control the stages of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes are similar. This fact suggests that
a. binary fission and mitosis are the same.
b. Rates of cell division are uniform.
c. Cells of eukaryotes rarely divide.
d. Eukaryotes share a common ancestry.
45. Multicellular organisms use mitosis for growth, development, and
a. apoptosis.
b. reproduction.
c. repair.
46. If a tumor is malignant, then cancer cells from the tumor
a. are harmless.
b. remain clustered together.
d. interphase.
c. can form more tumors.
Short Answer
Use the diagram below to answer items 47–54.
47. Describe what is shown in the above pictures.
48. Which labeled structure is the site of photosynthesis?
49. Name the type of cell shown on the right side of the diagram.
50. Identify part A and explain how it contributes to the structure and shape of the cell.
51. Identify the part labeled D.
52. Identify part F and explain its function. Why does the same structure not appear in the cell on the left?
53. Identify part G.
54. Identify parts C, D, and E and explain how they work together to perform a specific process within the cell.
Use the diagram below to answer items 55– 61.
55. What is shown in the diagram? What is its’ function?
56. What is the term for the molecules located in part A of the diagram?
57. Describe the arrangement of the molecules located in part A of the diagram.
58. What is one function of the molecules (B) that are embedded in the layers of part A?
59. What conditions would cause a molecule to diffuse from the outside of the structure shown, to the
inside?
60. What is the name of the model developed by scientists to describe the arrangement of molecules within
this structure?
61. How do parts A and B of the diagram contribute to the structure’s selective permeability?
Use the diagram below to answer items 62 - 67.
62. Define the process shown in the diagram above. (The letters are for identification, but do not indicate the
order of the process.)
63. Write the letters of the stages in order from first to last.
64. What is the term used to name the stage shown in part A of the diagram?
65. What is the term used to name the stage shown in part C of the diagram? Describe the events that take
place during this stage.
66. Write the names of the stages shown in part B and in part D of the diagram. Describe the events that take
place in part B of the diagram. How are these events different from those that take place in part D of the
diagram?
67. How are sister chromatids represented in the diagram?
Choose either 68 or 69 to answer as completely as possible.
68. Define the term chromosome by contrasting the terms chromatin and chromatid. Explain the function of
each one in the cell cycle. In your answer:
--Define chromatin. Describe the point in the cell cycle where chromatin is formed, explaining
what chromatin is made of.
--Define a chromatid. Explain the point in the cell cycle where sister chromatids are formed, and
explain their genetic make-up relative to each other.
69. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, osmosis will take place. In which direction will osmosis take
place? Why? How would the size of the cell change? What would happen if the cell were placed in a
hypotonic or an isotonic solution? In your answer:
--explain the direction of osmosis and the result when a cell is in a hypertonic solution
--explain the direction of osmosis and the result when a cell is in a hypotonic solution
--explain the direction of osmosis and the result when a cell is in an isotonic solution