INFECTIOUS DISEASES
NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE/COMMON CORE STANDARDS ADDRESSED!
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CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.2 Determine the central ideas or information of
a primary or secondary source; provide an accurate summary that makes
clear the relationships among the key details and ideas.
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CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of
information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., visually,
quantitatively, as well as in words) in order to address a question or solve a
problem.
AGRICULTURE, FOOD, AND NATURAL RESOURCE
STANDARDS ADDRESSED
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AS.07.01. Design programs to prevent animal
diseases, parasites and other disorders and
ensure animal welfare.
 AS.07.01.03.b.
Identify and describe common
illnesses and disorders of animals based on
symptoms and problems caused by wounds,
diseases, parasites and physiological disorders.
BELL WORK!
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Name some of the infections that viruses can cause in the
digestive system.
Name some of the infections that bacteria can cause in the
digestive system.
Name some of the infections that parasites can cause in the
digestive system.
Name some of the infections viruses can cause in the
reproductive system.
What are predisposing factors that cause ear infections.
What are some of the infections that bacteria can cause in the
ears and eyes of animals.
TERMS!
ABSORPTION
ARTHRITIS
BOVINE
CANINE
CIRRHOSIS
INGESTING
NASAL
PATHOGEN
SALIVATION
SYMPTOM
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Infectious diseases impact several different
systems within the body which include:
 The
digestive system
 The respiratory system
 The reproductive system
 The integumentary system
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM!
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An inflammation of the stomach and intestines is
known as gastroenteritis.
Gastroenteritis may be caused by bacteria, viruses or
parasites.
Symptoms include; vomiting , diarrhea, excessive
salivation, straining and abdominal pain.
Red bleeding is from the upper GI while dark blood
would be from the lower GI.
GI caused by viral pathogens is highly contagious. The
most common forms are canine parvovirus and swine
transmissible gastroenteritis.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM - GASTROENTERITIS CONT.
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Spore forming bacteria in the intestine increase in
numbers as a result of over feeding or diet change.
Bots which are the parasitic larvae of the bot fly may
be found in the stomach of horses, large numbers will
lead to colic.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – DIGESTIVE CONT.
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GI diseases caused by parasites may not be as evident as
those caused by a virus or bacteria.
Intestinal worms may live from a month to one year. Severe
cases may lead to anemia, diarrhea and emaciation. Milder
cases may show as a poor performing animal. ( wt. gain,
growth)
Nematodes (roundworms) are common in the gastrointestinal
tract of animals.
Trichostrongyles (hairworms) are found in the stomach and
intestines of ruminants.
 Strongyles (bloodworms) infect the large intestines of horses.
 Hookworms infect the small intestines of dogs and cats
 Large roundworms infect the small intestines of pigs, dogs, cats,
horses, and poultry
 Whipworms are found in the large intestines of dogs and pigs.
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TRICHOSTRONGYLES
STRONGYLES
INFECTIOUS DISEASES- DIGESTIVE CONT.
Animals are infected with GI parasites when
they swallow larvae and eggs while feeding.
 To confirm the diagnosis of GI infection a fecal
flotation test should be performed for
confirmation if eggs are found.
 Some of the worms may suck blood which can
cause damage to the arteries, liver and lungs.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES- DIGESTIVE CONT.
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There are other intestinal diseases that are caused by
protozoa.
Coccidiosis is common in dogs, cats, poultry and young
ruminants.
Trichomoniasis is also found in dogs.
Both of these diseases caused severe diarrhea that may have
blood and mucus present.
Death may occur as a result of severe dehydration and anemia.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – DIGESTIVE CONT.
Liver flukes are worms that cause inflammation
and scarring of the liver.
 A liver disease known as hepatitis if found in
young cattle while older animals suffer from
cirrhosis of the liver.
 Symptoms are similar to other GI parasite
infections, especially a malnourished
appearance.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE
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Inflammation of the sinuses is commonly referred to
as sinusitis.
An inflammation of the nasal passages is known as
Rhinitis.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the eyelids which
may accompany either sinusitis or Rhinitis.
Strangles in horses is basically a combination of both
disorders.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE
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An inflammation of the tonsils is known as Tonsillitis.
Tonsillitis in dogs is quite common but rare in cats.
Tonsillitis is the result of a bacterial infection,
symptoms may include coughing, retching, gagging
and mucus discharge.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES –RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE
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Pneumonitis (pneumonia) is an inflammation of the air
passages and lung tissue, with symptoms ranging from a deep
cough to difficulty in breathing.
Pneumonia may be caused by viral and bacterial sources which
will lead to congestion, hemorrhage, mucus, and edema.
The other common viral respiratory diseases include:
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Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in cattle
Equine rhinopneumoitis, Equine influenza
Swine Influenza
Canine distemper
Feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline calicivirus
Fowl infectious bronchitis, fowl infectious laryngotracheitis
Avian Influenza
IBR
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE
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Worm parasites may also be the cause of pneumonia
in some animals.
Several species of lungworms may infect horses,
cattle, sheep and goats.
Coughing is the common symptom.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE
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Bacterial, viral, and protozoal infections of the uterus are
known as metritis.
Bacterial infection usually occurs after birth indicated by
discharge of pus, it may have a very foul odor.
Other uterine disorders that may occur could be premature
birth, abortion, and retained placenta.
Bacterial diseases causing abortions include; vibriosis,
brucellosis, and, leptospirosis.
It may be necessary to perform lab tests on blood, fetal,
placental tissues or fetal discharge to determine the cause.
METRITIS
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – RESPIRATORY / REPRODUCTIVE
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Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands or udder
tissue that may occur during lactation.
Bacterial infection may be the result of material passing
through the nipple, a wound or through the blood stream.
Affected mammary glands are generally swollen, warm to the
touch and painful to the animal.
Infected milk will be discolored and thickened.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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An inflammation of the skin is known as Dermatitis
which is most commonly caused by a bacterial
infection. ( could be caused by viruses, parasites, and
fungi)
Common symptoms include itching, hair loss and
lesions.
If dermatitis is caused by pus forming bacteria it is
known as pyoderma.
Pyoderma is usually associated with skin allergies or
mange.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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A pathogenic fungus is the cause of ringworm which is
highly contagious by direct contact. Ringworm affects
all domestic livestock and man.
Children are very susceptible to ringworm.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Warts are fibrous tumors of the skin affecting animals
and humans.
Wards are caused by a virus which is generally
transported by a arthropod.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Poxvirus in the skin can causes a variety of diseases
for domestic livestock.
Animals acquire the virus from biting arthropods.
Bumps, blisters and bumps are common symptoms.
The diseases are named after the affected animals,
fowlpox, swinepox, and cowpox
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Ticks may be divided into two groups – soft ticks and
hard ticks.
Hard ticks will attach directly to the animal and feed
for several days. Spread anaplasmosis and Lyme
disease.
Soft ticks usually affect fowl and are intermittent
feeders.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Dogs and cats are commonly affected with fleas which may
infest the animal with tapeworms.
Not only are fleas annoying to the animal but may cause
anemia.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Lice infestations are most common during the cooler months of
the year.
Lice infestations area common in cattle, swine and poultry.
Biting and sucking lice will cause large areas of hair loss.
Lice are most common in poultry, cattle and swine.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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A mange infestation like lice occurs mostly in the cooler months
of the year.
Mange life on the skin or in the ear canal of animals.
Mange affects few animal other than dogs and cattle.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – CARDIOVASCULAR/LYMPHATIC
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Bacterial infections may cause;
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Myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle
Endocarditis – inflammation of the heart lining
Pericarditis – an inflammation of the heart sack
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – CARDIOVASCULAR/LYMPHATIC
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Bites from mosquitos infect dos with a nematode that matures
in a dogs heart causing heartworms.
The worms/disease when large numbers of worms inhibit blood
flow.
An infected dog will cough, be weak, have rapid breathing, and
appear to be weak.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – MUSCULOSKELETAL/NERVOUS
SYSTEM
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Arthritis is an inflammation of a bone joint, poly arthritis is an
inflammation of multiple joints.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES-MUSCULOSKELETAL/NERVOUS
SYSTEM
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An inflammation of the brain covering is known as Meningitis.
Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain tissue.
The two disorders may occur at the same time.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES- SPECIAL SENSES
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The sensory organs most commonly affected by disease
include the ears and eyes.
Keratoconjunctivitis is a the inflammation of the surface of the
eyeball and the eyelid.
The inflammation of the eyeball is keratitis which is evident
when the cornea appears to be cloudy. The eyelid may be
crusty from drainage.
Pinkeye which is common in cattle, goats and man would be an
example of this disorder.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES – SPECIAL SENSES
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A bacterial ear infection is known as Otitis which is
characterized by itching and drainage.
Ear infections are most common in dogs and cats but rare in
larger animals.
THE END!