Essential Questions
 What
are the functions of the urinary system?
 What
are some disorders of the urinary system?
 How
are disorders of the urinary system treated?
 How
do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Functions:
 Excretion
 Formation
 Fluid
of urine
and electrolyte balance
 Elimination
of urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Excretion
What
Why
is excretion?
does the body have excretory functions?
What
is the composition of wastes excreted by
the urinary system?
How
is it relevant to health?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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• Blood from renal
artery enters
glomerulus (more
narrow vessels
increase pressure)
• High pressure in
glomerulus forces
fluid into Bowman’s
capsule, where it is
filtered
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
 Bowman’s
capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min.
…how many cc’s per hour is this?
 As the filtrate continues through nephron, 90%
of water is reabsorbed—what would happen if
reabsorption here failed?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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



What substances are reabsorbed? water, sugar, salts
Where do they go? Back into the blood
If blood levels of certain substances are high, the
substances will not be reabsorbed.
How does this help maintain homeostasis? Keep blood
levels from getting too high
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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What is secretion?
Describe how this
process is the opposite
of reabsorption….
Substances are
excreted from blood
into peritubular
capillaries into the
urine
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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 What
substances are secreted into the
collecting tubules? Ammonia, creatinine,
drugs
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
Electrolytes
are selectively secreted to maintain
body’s acid-base balance.
• What are electrolytes?
• Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and other
body fluids that carry an electric charge
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
•
•
ADH (hypothalamus)
Aldosterone (Adrenal cortex)
Nervous control
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
•
ADH – Antidiuretic hormone
•
Aldosterone
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
 ADH
is released by the posterior pituitary
gland
 What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic
hormone)?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
 The
amount of ADH produced is related to
the level of body hydration
 What factors regulate the release of ADH?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Forming more dilute urine:
Define “dilute urine”
What
are diuretics? Increase urine output
What effect do they have on the production of
urine?
Give examples of substances that have diuretic
effects.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
Chemical control
Aldosterone
Where
does it come from? Adrenal gland
What does it do? Controls urinary secretion
Aldosterone release is the result of the reninangiotensin system. What does this mean?
Renin is released by the kidneys when there is a
decrease in BP stimulates aldosterone production
and constricts vessels
Problems with adrenal glands causes imbalance in
salt and water balance in body
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure?
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Fluid and electrolyte balance
Nervous control
How
does the nervous system
control urinary secretions? Nerve
impulses from blood vessels leading
to kidneys and glomeruli
What other systems are involved in
the production and excretion of
urine?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange,
and some factors that effect urine volume.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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 What
do you predict will happen to blood
pressure when the blood volume increases?
 What
if blood
volume decreases?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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 If
more water is reabsorbed back into the
body---what will happen to urine
concentration?
 (more or less concentrated?)
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Elimination of urine
What causes the bladder to empty? Involuntary
muscle control contracts when feeling of
fullness occurs
Is this a voluntary or involuntary action? Both
What can prevent urination? Nerve damage
How is urinary retention treated?
catheter
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Elimination of urine
Urinary output
Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day
*How many ounces is this?
What effects
the color of
your urine?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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An examination of urine
 What
does normal urine look like?
 What constitutes an abnormal urinalysis?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Cystitis
 What
is cystitis
(cyst= medical term for ____ +itis =___ )
 Most
common cause: E. Coli
 What
are the major symptoms of cystitis?
 Painful urination
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Cystitis
 More
common in females—Why ?? Shorter
urethra
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Glomerulonephritis
 Disease
which
injures the
glomerulus.
 Affects filtration;
allows for passage
of protein and
blood into urine
 What
will happen as
a result of damaged
glomeruli?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Glomerulonephritis
 Two
types:
• Acute : occurs in children 1-3 wks bacterial infect
• Chronic: permanent damage to glomeruli
 Define
these terms.
 How
do these terms relate to
glomerulonephritis symptoms?
 What
is the prognosis for each? poor for chronic
leads to kidney failure
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculi
Also known as nephrolithiasis
nephro lith iasis
What are renal calculi made of? calcium/uric acid
What are the symptoms? pain flank, burning, N/V,
chills, hematuria
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculi
 What
will happen if
the ureters are
blocked?
Hydronephrosis: renal
pelvis becomes distended
due to urine build up from
blockage
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculi
 How
is it treated?
Push fluids, remove
blockage
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal calculi
 How does lithotripsy work?
 Is it a cure?
NO
Shock waves
hit and break
up stone so
that it can
pass
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal failure
 Acute
• What causes it?
Shock, nephritis, injury, bleeding,
heart failure, poisoning
• What are the symptoms?
Oliguria: low urine production
Anuria: no urine production
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal failure
chronic
 May be none in early stages, urinalysis
may reveal proteinuria
 Why
would protein be present in the
urine?
 Why
is this not normal?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure
 Chronic
kidney
disease leads to a
buildup of fluid
and waste
products in the
body.
 How
are these
systems affected
by renal failure?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure
 How
is it treated?
• Peritoneal dialysis
• What is the process
involved in this
treatment?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure
 How
is it treated?
• Hemodialysis
• What is
hemodialysis?
• What determines
the patient’s
treatment
schedule?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal Failure
 Compare the treatment of acute and
chronic renal failure.
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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How does hemodialysis mimic
glomerular function?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal transplant
 What
is involved in this treatment option?
 When does a patient get a transplant?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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Renal transplant
What is the
major
complication of
renal
transplantation?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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 Essential
Questions
 What
are the functions of the urinary system?
 What
are some disorders of the urinary system?
 How
are disorders of the urinary system treated?
 How
do you relate the body’s hormone control to
the urinary system?
4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system
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