DEFINE PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES AND LIST
AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES
P. 94
An observable property of matter
that can be determined without
changing the substance.
Ex: color, density, luster, odor,
BP, MP
HOW IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE
DIFFERENT FROM A
CHEMICAL CHANGE?
P. 94
In a physical change, the
substance remains chemically
identical. In a chemical change,
a new substance is formed.
DEFINE CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES.
P. 94
Properties that require a
change in the chemical
makeup to observe.
Ex: flammability
__________ __________, A
RUSSIAN CHEMIST
PUBLISHED THE FIRST
PERIODIC TABLE IN 1869.
P. 100
Dimitry Mendeleev
DEFINE PHYSICAL
CHANGES AND LIST AT
LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.
P. 94
A change results in the same
substance in the end.
Ex: ripping paper, changing
states of matter
IN THE MODERN PERIODIC
TABLE, ELEMENTS ARE
PLACED IN SEQUENCE
ACCORDING TO
______________________.
P. 102
Increasing atomic number
DEFINE CHEMICAL
CHANGES AND LIST AT
LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.
P. 94
Changes that result in the
formation of a new substance with
different properties
ex: burning a piece of paper,
frying an egg, food spoiling
DEFINE PERIODS
P. 103
The horizontal rows in the
periodic table.
Properties are NOT similar in
periods.
DEFINE A GROUP
(FAMILY) OF ELEMENTS.
P. 105
Family or group:
•Same number of electrons in
outer (valence) shell
•Similar chemical properties
Period:
Same number of energy levels
IDENTIFY THE ATOMIC
NUMBER AND THE AVERAGE
ATOMIC MASS OF THE
ELEMENT BELOW
7
N
14.01
P. 104
Atomic # is 7
Atomic Mass is 14.01
STUDY YOUR PERIODIC TABLE
– KNOW THE LOCATION OF THE
METALS, NON METAL AND
METALLOIDS
-KNOW THE CHARGES ON THE
ELEMENTS IN GROUPS 1A, 2A,
3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A
(NOTES)
+1 +2
+3 +/-4 -3 -2 -1 0
STUDY YOUR ELEMENT
FLASH CARDS FROM 1ST
QUARTER OR THE CHART
ON P. 97 IN YOUR BOOK
DESCRIBE THE
PROPERTIES OF A
METAL
(NOTES)
•Shiny 'metallic' appearance
•Solids at room temperature (except mercury)
•High melting points
•High densities
•Malleable
•Ductile
•Thermal conductors
•Electrical conductors
•Electron losers
What are the rules for
correctly writing a chemical
symbol.
All have capital letters, some
have a capital and a lowercase
letter
Describe the properties of
a non metal.
•Poor thermal conductors
•Poor electrical conductors
•Brittle solids
•Little or no metallic luster
•Gain electrons easily
•Most are gases at room temperature
•Vary in color
Using your periodic table, predict the formula for
the compound formed from
a. C and F
d. Al and S
b. Ca and Br
e. Fe+2 and O
c. K and CL
f. Fe+3 and O
CF4
CaBr2
KCl
Al2S3
FeO
Fe2O3
Describe the properties of a
metalloid.
They have some properties of
metals, some properties of
nonmetals
What is the name of a compound
formed when
A. Fe+2 combines with O
B. Fe+3 combines with O
P 35
Iron(II)Oxide
Iron(III)Oxide
Cation
Anion
Mg+2
OH –
NH+4
NO 3 -
Ca+2
PO4 -3
Formula
Cation
Anion
Formula
Mg+2
OH –
Mg(OH)2
NH4+1
NO3 1 -
NH4NO3
Ca+2
PO4 -3
Ca3(PO4)2
How does a balanced equation
reflect the Law of Conservation of
Matter?
The number of individual atoms of
elements on the reactant side must
equal the number of atoms in the
product side
Matter can’t be created or
destroyed
Name the seven diatomic
elements and correctly write their
symbols.
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
2 H2O ___________
^
____________
label the subscript and the
coefficient.
2 H2 O
Subscript
Coefficient
CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O
In the above equation, the
reactants are found on the
_________ side while the
products are found on the
_________ side of the
equation.
In the above equation, the
reactants are found on the LEFT
side while the products are
found on the RIGHT side of the
equation.
In Chemistry, a _______ is
defined as a unit for counting
atoms and molecules.
P 135
MOLE
Complete an atom inventory for the
Equation below and use it to
balance the equation.
___ C3H8+ ___O2 ---> ____CO2 + __H2O
__ C3H8+ 5 O2 ---> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
3
C
3
8
H
8
10
O 6+4=10
There are _____ x _____
particles in one mole of any
substance (Avogadro’s number.)
P 135
There are 6.02x 1023 particles in
one mole of any substance
Find the molar mass of :
A. N2
B. C2 H22 O11
C. CuFeS2
N2 =14 x2= 28.0g/mole
C12H22O11=144 + 22+ 176=342g/mole
CuFeS2 =63.5+55.8+64.2= 183.5g/molr
Define renewable resources
P 145
Resources that are replenished
readily by natural processes
ex: trees, animals, cotton
Determine the % composition of
Cu in CuFeS2.
P. 140
63.55/183.54 x100%=
34.62% Cu
Define nonrenewable resources.
P 145
Resources that are not easily
replenished by nature, or take a long
time to replenish
ex: crude oil, natural gas, precious
metals
Describe the composition of a
U.S. penny
A. Pre- 1982
B. Post- 1982
*Review your shrinking it rich lab
P 96
Pre-1982=all Copper
Post-1982= mainly Zinc with a
Copper coating
Define recycling
P 146
changing a product’s form to
make a new product
ex: Al cans, glass
Bldg Skills # 5 p.121
Answer questions 1 a, b, c and 2
a, b, c,
Define reusing
P 145
Using a product for the same
use or another use before it is
discarded
ex: coffee can as a pencil cup,
2L bottle bird feeder
Define reducing
P 145
Cutting down on the amount of
material used
ex: reducing thickness of Al
cans and car doors, double
sided dittos
A liquid is a state of matter that has
definite ________ but no
______________________. It will
take and
__________________________.
A liquid is a state of matter that
has definite volume but no
definite shape. It will take on the
shape of its container
What is a polyatomic ion ?
P.33
A ion (charged) made up of
many atoms
Define atom
Name the particles that make up
an atom and their location in the
atom.
P 32
An atom is the smallest unit of an
element that maintains that
element’s properties
Proton=+1 charge, in the nucleus
Neutron= 0charge, in the nucleus
Electron=-1 charge, in the electron
cloud around the nucleus
Describe a suspension
P 25
A heterogeneous mixture
containing large particles that
settle to the bottom of a
container.
Ex: Italian dressing
How is an ion different from an
atom?
P 32
An atom contains equal numbers of
protons and electrons.
(no overall charge)
An ion has lost or gained electrons
to become electrically charged.
(+ or -)
Describe a colloid
P 25
A heterogeneous mixture that has
small particles that don’t settle out
of the mixture.
It shows the Tyndall effect
ex: milk
What is a cation?
P 33
A positively charged ion
resulting from a LOSS of
electrons
Describe a solution
P 25
A homogeneous mixture that is
uniform throughout, and
appears as if it were one
substance.
Ex: salt-water, cool-aid
What is an anion?
Pg 33
A negatively charged ion that
results from a GAIN of electrons
What is the Tyndall
effect and through which
type of mixture can you
observe it?
Pg. 25
Tyndall effect is the scattering of
light by the particles in a mixture.
It determines a colloid
In a solution, the
__________ is the
dissolving agent, and the
__________ is the
dissolved substance.
Pg. 45
In a solution, the solvent
is the dissolving agent,
and the solute is the
dissolved substance.
Describe a polar
molecule.
Pg. 51
A polar molecule has an uneven
distribution of electrons that
gives the molecule + and –
charged regions
Practice making metric
conversions.
*Remember*
King Henry Died Monday
Drinking Chocolate Milk.
Water is a polar
substance/solvent. This
means that water will dissolve
_______.
Pg. 59
Other polar or ionic substances
Substances that do not
dissolve in a polar solvent
might be considered to be
_________. This means that
they will dissolve in a
__________ solvent.
Pg. 59
Substances that do not dissolve
in a polar solvent might be
considered to be NONPOLAR
This means that they will
dissolve in a NONPOLAR
solvent.
Two examples of polar
substances that will dissolve
in water are ___________ and
_____________.
Pg. 59
Rubbing alcohol and sugar
Two examples of non-polar
substances are
____________ and gasoline.
Oil, kerosene, diesel
Likes dissolve __________.
Pg. 59
Like dissolves like
What is the difference
between direct and indirect
water use?
Direct is seen water use.
Ex: drinking water, bottles water,
washing your dishes
Indirect is unseen (behind the
scenes) water use.
Ex: water to grow plants, water to
cool machines in the creation of an
egg carton
How is the worlds water
supply distributed around the
planet?
Pg. 16
Oceans
Glaciers
Groundwater
Lakes
Atmosphere
Rivers
Nature’s water purification
system is called the ________
__________.
Pg. 70
Hydrologic cycle
or water cycle
Describe the hydrologic cycle.
Pg. 71
Four steps that repeat:
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Runoff (Bacterial action and
f)iltration
Review the pH scale on pg. 57
pH 1-7 =acidic
pH 7= neutral
pH 7-14= basic
Explain the steps of the water
treatment process.
Pg. 72-73
Screening-filtering
Pre-chlorination-kill bacteria
Flocculation-binds to particles
Settling-allow particles to settle out
Sand filtration-fine filtration
Post chlorination-prevent new bacteria
What are THM’s and the
problem associated with
them?
Pg. 74
Trihalomethanes
Formed by excessive chlorine
usage when they react with
organic carbons
They cause cancer
Describe hard water.
Pg. 76
Water that contains Calcium,
Iron, and Magnesium
What is gray water?
What is the formula for
determining Density?
D= mass/volume
The density of H20 as a liquid
is ________ and as a solid is
_________.
The density of H20 as a liquid is
1.00g/ml and as a solid is less
dense than its liquid
Practice reading a solubility
curve.
Air is a mixture of gases.
Name the major and minor
components of air and the %
of these molecules present.
Air is a SOLUTION
N2 =78%
O2 = 21%
Ar = less than 1%
CO2 =less than 1%
Name the 4 layers of the
atmosphere from the ground
up.
What are the properties of a
gas?
Air has mass
Air has volume
Air exerts pressure in all
directions
Air pressure goes from high to
low
Define pressure and show the
formula used to determine
pressure.
Pressure is force per unit of area
P= F/A
What is a force?
What is SI unit for measuring
force?
Force is a Push or Pull
Newtons
What values represent
standard pressure?
760mmHg, 14.7 psi, 1.0atm…
Explain the Kinetic Theory of
Matter.
The motion of a gas is fast and
random
The motion of molecules and
the spacing between molecules
determines the state of matter
Define temperature.
Temp is a measure of molecular
motion, when measured in
Kelvin
What values represent
(standard) temperature?
0 Celsius or 273 Kelvin
What is the SI unit for
temperature?
273 Kelvin
According to Boyles Law, what
is the relationship between
pressure and volume at a
constant temperature?
Pressure and volume are
INVERSELY related
How is Boyles Law stated
mathematically?
P 1 V 1 = P2 V 2
According to Charles Law,
what is the relationship
between volume and
temperature at a constant
pressure?
Volume and temperature are
DIRECTLY related
How is Charles Law stated
mathematically?
P1/V1 = P2/V2
How is energy from the Sun
transmitted to the Earth?
As Electromagnetic Radiation
(EM)
Define photons.
Bundles of light energy
What is a wavelength?
Distance between repeating
parts of a wave
Describe electromagnetic
spectrum.
A range of waves that carry
varying amounts of energy from
the sun.
Review the order of the
electromagnetic spectrum
from highest energy to lowest
energy.
Gamma
X-Ray
UV
Visible
IR
Microwave
Radio
Define frequency
The number of waves that pass
a certain point in a second
Name the four layers of the
atmosphere.
Define greenhouse effect.
The trapping of IR radiation by
the planet, allowing it to be reradiated after the sun goes
down
The increases in the % of CO2
in the Earth’s atmosphere is
due to what (two) factors?
Deforestation
Industrialization
Burning of fossil fuels
Production of concrete
Acid rain is defined as
_____________________.
Rain with a pH of below 7.
Produced through the
combination of SOx with rain to
make sulfuric acid
Acid rain is caused by sulfur
oxides (SO2) and nitrogen
oxides (NOx). What is the
greatest producer of
A. SO2
B. NOx
Industry is the major cause of
each
Earth has an ultraviolet shield
high in the stratosphere. It is
called the ________ layer
which consists of gaseous
____________ (O3).
Earth has an ultraviolet shield
high in the stratosphere. It is
called the OZONE layer which
consists of gaseous OZONE
(O3).