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Introduction to Microbiology > The Science of Microbiology
The Science of Microbiology
• Basic Microbiology
• Applied Microbiology
• Immunization, Antiseptics, and Antibiotics
• Modern Microbiology
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Introduction to Microbiology > The Science of Microbiology
Basic Microbiology
• Microbiology focuses on organisms that are very small using various tools, which
is a process done by microbiologists.
• As microbes are essential for human life and as microbes can cause human
diseases, microbiology is therefore very important.
• The numbers of individual microbes and the number of microbes in and on the
earth is staggering in proportions.
Microbiologist
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Introduction to Microbiology > The Science of Microbiology
Applied Microbiology
• Using knowledge gained by microbiologists studying microbes, several fields of
applied microbiology have formed.
• While food and medicinal applications are a big portion of applied microbiology,
the study of microbes has lead to entire commercial industries which affect almost
all aspects of human life.
• There are a myriad of practical applications that microbiology contributes to,
including several parts of food production and medicinal applications.
Applied microbiology - Fermentation
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Introduction to Microbiology > The Science of Microbiology
Immunization, Antiseptics, and Antibiotics
• Immunization is the fortification of our own immune system, priming it against
potential future infections by specific microbes.
• Antiseptics are broadly defined as substances we can use on our body or
surfaces around us to slow or kill microbes that could potentially harm us.
• Antibiotics, like antiseptics, can slow or kill microbes. However, unlike antiseptics,
antibiotics can circulate in the human blood system and be used to fight microbial
infections.
Flu Immunization
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Introduction to Microbiology > The Science of Microbiology
Modern Microbiology
• There is some debate as to who was exactly first, but Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,
Athanasius Kircher, and Robert Hooke were the first people to view microbes
using some of the first self-built microscopes.
• Ferdinand Cohn, Louis Pasteur, and Robert Koch were pioneers in bacteriology,
the discovery and understanding of the subset of microbes that are bacteria. This
had a direct and immediate impact on food storage and disease causality.
• Martinus Beijerinck and Sergei Winogradsky are credited with the discovery of
general microbiology, which laid the ground work for our understanding of
microbial physiology, diversity, and ecology.
Athanasius Kirche
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Appendix
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Introduction to Microbiology
Key terms
• anaphylactic shock A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, constricting the trachea and preventing
breathing.
• animalcule An older term for a minute or microscopic animal or protozoan.
• biotechnology The use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical, and other
technological applications.
• chemoautotrophy When a simple organism, such as a protozoan, derives its energy from chemical processes rather than
photosynthesis.
• culturable Able to be cultured (grown in a suitable environment).
• immunogen any substance that elicits a immune response; an antigen
• immunology The branch of medicine that studies the body's immune system.
• pasteurization heat-treatment of a perishable food to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells followed by immediate cooling to
limit growth of the surviving cells and germination of spores
• pathogenic Able to cause harmful disease.
• quantitation The process of quantitating.
• rabies a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal
behaviour such as excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death
• rhizosphere The soil region subject to the influence of plant roots and their associated microorganisms.
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Introduction to Microbiology
Flu Immunization
A naval officer self-administers a nasal spray that immunizes him against the flu.
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Wikimedia. "US Navy 100916-N-2729A-104 Capt.Stephen Pachuta self-administers the nasal spray flu immunization FluMist during an immunization clinic at
U.S.Na." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253AUS_Navy_100916-N-2729A-104_Capt._Stephen_Pachuta_self-
Introduction to Microbiology
Sergei Winogradsky
An image of Sergei Winogradsky,who discovered nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
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Wikimedia. "Sergei%20Winogradsky." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%25253ASergei_Winogradsky.jpg View on Boundless.com
Introduction to Microbiology
Athanasius Kirche
A portrait of the 17th century Jesuit priest Athanasius Kirche, who arguably discovered microbes.
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Wikimedia. "Athanasius%20Kircher%20Portrait." Public domain
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%25253AAthanasius_Kircher_Portrait.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%25253AAthanasius_Kircher_Portrait.jpg
Introduction to Microbiology
Microbiologist
A microbiology officer aboard a US naval ship examines wound cultures in the ship's microbiology laboratory.
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Wikimedia. "US Navy 070905-N-0194K-029 Lt.Paul Graf, a microbiology officer aboard Military Sealift Command hospital ship USNS Comfort (T-AH 20), examines
wound cultures in the ship^rsquo,s microbiology laboratory." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253AUS_Navy_070905-N-0194K-
Introduction to Microbiology
Applied microbiology - Fermentation
One of the oldest and well-known examples of applied microbiology is fermentation. In this picture the large tanks are being used for the fermentation of
grapes to make wine.
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Wikimedia. "Volpaia Fermentation." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253AVolpaia_Fermentation.jpg View on Boundless.com
Introduction to Microbiology
Antibiotic Testing
Discs soaked with various compounds are put onto a lawn of bacteria. If the compound on the disc kills or slows bacteria growth, a "halo" of clear media
is seen.
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Wikimedia. "Antibiotic disk diffusion." Public domain http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%253AAntibiotic_disk_diffusion.jpg View on Boundless.com
Introduction to Microbiology
Which of the following is a branch of microbiology?
A) immunology
B) all of the answers
C) virology
D) parasitology
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Introduction to Microbiology
Which of the following is a branch of microbiology?
A) immunology
B) all of the answers
C) virology
D) parasitology
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Introduction to Microbiology
The genetic alteration of a bacteria to make an enzyme that treats
a human disease is an example of which type of applied
microbiology?
A) medical microbiology
B) industrial microbiology
C) all of these answers
D) microbial biotechnology
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Introduction to Microbiology
The genetic alteration of a bacteria to make an enzyme that treats
a human disease is an example of which type of applied
microbiology?
A) medical microbiology
B) industrial microbiology
C) all of these answers
D) microbial biotechnology
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Introduction to Microbiology
Able to cause harmful disease.
A) anaphylactic shock
B) chemoautotrophy
C) pathogenic
D) immunogen
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Introduction to Microbiology
Able to cause harmful disease.
A) anaphylactic shock
B) chemoautotrophy
C) pathogenic
D) immunogen
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Boundless Learning. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Introduction to Microbiology
Vaccination is an example of ______________.
A) antibiotic
B) active immunization
C) antiseptics
D) passive immunization
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Introduction to Microbiology
Vaccination is an example of ______________.
A) antibiotic
B) active immunization
C) antiseptics
D) passive immunization
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Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Introduction to Microbiology
Attribution
• Wikipedia. "Microbiology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiology#Applied_microbiology
• Wiktionary. "rhizosphere." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rhizosphere
• Wiktionary. "biotechnology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biotechnology
• Wiktionary. "pathogenic." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pathogenic
• Wikipedia. "Microbiology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiology#Modern
• Wiktionary. "rabies." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rabies
• Wiktionary. "pasteurization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pasteurization
• Wiktionary. "chemoautotrophy." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chemoautotrophy
• Wiktionary. "animalcule." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/animalcule
• Wiktionary. "quantitation." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quantitation
• Wiktionary. "immunology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immunology
• Wiktionary. "culturable." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/culturable
• Wikipedia. "Microbiology." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiology
• Wikipedia. "Antiseptics." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiseptics
• Wikipedia. "Immunization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization
• Wikipedia. "Immunization." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization
• Wikipedia. "Antibiotics." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibiotics
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Introduction to Microbiology
• Wikipedia. "Antiseptics." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiseptics
• Wiktionary. "anaphylactic shock." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anaphylactic+shock
• Wiktionary. "immunogen." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/immunogen
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