Enterprise Architecture &
IT Infrastructure:
An Evolving Art and Science to Bridge
Business and IT
Vision and Reality
Minder Chen, Ph.D.
CSU Channel Islands
Martin V. Smith School of Business and Economics
Minder.Chen@CSUCI.EDU
Big Picture
Need: Resilience,
Flexibility, Opportunism
Context
Business
Strategy
Focus:
“Processized”
Analysis –
Vocabulary
Metrics
Business
Processes
Drivers: People,
Process, Information,
Relationships
IT
Strategy
Focus:
Governance
Portfolio
Architecture
Sourcing
Approach:
Business
Capabilities
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
IT Solutions
Cost/Value
Analysis
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BSP: Business Systems Planning
Resource Lifecycle
Requirements Acquisition Stewardship Disposition
Planning
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Control
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Resource Life Cycle
Summary
Data
Planning
Acquisition
Planning
data
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Stewardship
(Control, Usage)
Transaction
data
Disposal
Transaction
data
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Four-Stage Life Cycle of Functions to Support Products and Services of an Organization
4-Stage LC Planning AcquisitionStewardship Disposal
Data
generated
Planning data
(Create)
Transaction
data (Create)
Transaction
data (R, U)
Transaction
data (Delete)
Material
Material
req. planning
Procurement
Warehousing &
inventory control
Selling
Education
Curriculum
planning
Course
sched. & enroll.
Performance &
grad. checking
Student
graduation
People
Human
res. planning
Recruiting
Training
Promotion Eval.
Retirement
Termination
Equipment
Capacity
planning
Equipment
purchase
Maintenance
and repair
Equipment
disposal
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
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Zackman Framework
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Source: http://www.zifa.com/framework.pdf EA and IT Infrastructure - 6
Methodology Lifecycle
Via
Heap Map
Source: IBM Component Business Model
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Component Business Model
Dynamic capability is defined as “the firm’s ability to integrate,
build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to
address rapidly changing environments”. The basic assumption of
the dynamic capabilities framework is that today’s fast changing
markets force firms to respond quickly and to be innovative.
 Agile, sense and respond, reconfiguration, modularization
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
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The 5 Dimensions of a Business Component
• IBM Component Business Model
Resource-Based View
Daft (1983) says: "...firm resources include all assets, capabilities,
organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc;
controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement
strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness.“
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
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Heat Map
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IT Infrastructure
• “The hardware, software, and telecommunication/
networking systems or equipment together provide the
underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals.”
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IT Infrastructure
• Cost allocation
Source: CISR Working Paper #329
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Stages in IT Infrastructure Evolution
Mainframe/Mini Computers
60~70s
Personal Computer
80s
Client/Sever Computing
90s
Internet computing/
Web-based enterprise applications
Late 90s~
Cloud Computing / Mobile computing
Mid 2000s~
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Web-based IT Infrastructure
WWW
HTTP
Internet
TCP/IP
User
Interface
App.
Process
Data
Software
Applications
Browsers
DBMS
Run dynamic
business logic
components
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
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Mobile Device
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Mobile Computing
Source: 2011/9/28
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Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution
• Moore’s law and micro-processing power
 Computing power doubles every 18 months/2 years
 Nanotechnology: May shrink size of transistors to width
of several atoms
 Contrary factors: Heat dissipation needs, power
consumption concerns
• Law of Mass Digital Storage
 The amount of data being stored each year doubles
• Metcalfe’s Law and network economics
 Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a
function of the number of network members
 As network members increase, more people want to use it
(demand for network access increases)
http://www.emc.com/collateral/demos/microsites/idc-digital-universe/iview.htm
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
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Advancing Rates of Technology (Silicon, Storage, Telecom)
Smaller & faster
& cheaper
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Data Volume
210 =1028
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_per_impression
CPM: cost per thousand page impressions.
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Platform Continuum
On-Premises
Servers
• Bring your own
machines, connectivity,
software, etc.
• Complete control
• Complete responsibility
• Static capabilities
• Upfront capital costs
for the infrastructure
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Hosted
Servers
• Renting machines,
connectivity, software
• Less control
• Fewer responsibilities
• Lower capital costs
• More flexible
• Pay for fixed capacity,
even if idle
Cloud
Platform
• Shared, multi-tenant
infrastructure
• Virtualized & dynamic
• Scalable & available
• Abstracted from the
infrastructure
• Higher-level services
• Pay as you go
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Software as a service
(SaaS)
http://www.salesforce.com/
PaaS
Google AppEngine
http://aws.amazon.com/
© Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Amazon's EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
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Definition of Cloud Computing
• The NIST definition of cloud computing:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider
interaction.
• The ability for end users to utilize parts of bulk
resources and that these resources.
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Characteristics of Cloud Services
NIST identifies several characteristics for a service to be
considered “Cloud”:
• On-demand self-service: The ability for an end user to
sign up and receive services without the long delays
that have characterized traditional IT.
• Broad network access: Ability to access the service via
standard platforms (desktop, laptop, mobile etc).
• Resource pooling: Resources are pooled across
multiple customers.
• Rapid elasticity: Capability can scale to cope with
demand peaks.
• Measured Service: Billing is metered and delivered as a
utility service can be acquired quickly and easily.
http://resources.idgenterprise.com/original/AST-0032300_Understanding_the_Cloud_Computing_Stack.pdf
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Characteristics of Architecture Stages
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