Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Student Name:
Blog resource: http://tinyurl.com/4m5aqbz
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171Click4Biology: http://tinyurl.com/4atlxq6
Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). The first example has been done for you.
Highlight all objective 1 command terms in yellow and complete these before class. Highlight all objective 2 and 3
command terms in green – these will be part of the discussions in class. After class, go back and review them.
As there are so many diagrams, we will complete this EssBio on paper.
1. Define organic molecule.
 “Organic compounds are based on carbon and are found in living things.” (1)
2. List three carbon-containing groups or molecules that are not organic.

There are many organic molecules in living things. The same (or very similar) molecules are used in many
different living things for the same purpose.
3. Saccharides are sugars and carbohydrates. Sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) are used
to build up carbohydrates (polysaccharides).
a. State what happens to the structure of monosaccharides when they are placed in water.

b. Draw the simplified (ring) structures of glucose and ribose. Number the carbon atoms
correctly. Which sugar is a pentose? Which is a hexose? How are they named this way?
c. Draw a generalized hexose and pentose sugar on chemsketch and render it in 3D.
Stick the 3D ball-and-stick model below: (http://www.acdlabs.com/download/)
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
Condensation of monosaccharides is a polymerization reaction. It can continue to create a longer chain
of saccharides (a carbohydrate). These building reactions are anabolic metabolism.
d. Define polymer.

e. Annotate and complete diagram below to outline how two monosaccharides are
converted into a disaccharide through condensation, producing a glycosidic bond.
Include a word equation.
What else is needed to make the reaction occur?
f.
Complete the table below:
-saccharides
examples
Glucose
Mono-
Plant or animal?
Function/ uses
animal
Quickly absorbed and used in
respiration
Galactose
plant
plant
Di-
Lactose
animal
animal
Poly-
Stephen Taylor
Starch
plant
Bandung International School
Dimer of glucose, broken down from
starch.
Insoluble storage of glucose in the
liver, produced using insulin.
Structural unit in plant cell walls
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
Anabolic reactions are those which build organic molecules (such as condensation of saccharides).
Catabolic reactions break them down (e.g. digestion).
Hydrolysis is the catabolic reaction which breaks down organic molecules.
g. State the function of hydrolase.
h. Outline this reaction using an example of a dimer of two pentose sugars. Explain the
relevance of the name of the reaction.
Remember:
Condensation makes bonds: Hydrolysis breaks bonds.
4. Fatty acids and glycerol are used in the production of triglycerides.
a. In the space below, draw the generalized structures of fatty acids and glycerol.
b. Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. (Nutrition revision).
Bonding
Shape of chain (draw)
State at room temp
Saturated
Unsaturated
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
c. Draw a generalized fatty acid or glycerol molecule on chemsketch and render it in 3D.
Stick the 3D ball-and-stick model below: (http://www.acdlabs.com/download/)
d. Outline the relevance of the following properties of lipids.
Energy storage*
Thermal insulation*
Protection
Buoyancy
Membranes
Hormones
*Essential exam examples
e. Write a word equation for the formation of one triglyceride from fatty acids and
glycerol.
f.
Outline how condensation reactions produce one triglyceride molecule (including the
name of the bonds produced):
g. Explain why condensation of fatty acids and glycerol to produce a triglyceride is not an
example of polymerization.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Student Name:
h.
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
Compare lipids and carbohydrates in terms of energy storage:
carbohydrates
lipids
Stored as…?
Long/short term storage?
Ease of digestion/ release of
energy?
Energy per gram?
Solubility in water?
(and consequence)
Use of oxygen in
metabolism?
(and consequence)
5. Proteins are the tertiary (or quaternary) structure of polypeptides, polymers of amino acids.
a. In the space below, draw the structure of a general amino acid. Include (and label) the
amine group, carboxyl group and ‘R’ group.
b. There are ____ different amino acids, each coded for by a triplet of bases on DNA. The
R-group is the region of variation between the amino acids and determines its
properties.
c. Outline how the diversity of amino acids leads to infinite possibilities of polypeptides’
i.
Polypeptide length:
ii.
Amino acid sequence:
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
d. Use a diagram to show condensation and hydrolysis of peptides.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
Student Name:
Works Cited
1. Burrell, John. 3.2 Monomers and polymers of organic molecules. Click4Biology. [Online] 2010.
http://click4biology.info/c4b/3/Chem3.2.htm#one.
2. Allott, Andrew. IB Study Guide: Biology for the IB Diploma. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-019-915143-1.
3. Mindorff, D and Allott, A. Biology Course Companion. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978099151240.
4. Clegg, CJ. Biology for the IB Diploma. London : Hodder Murray, 2007. 978-0340926529.
5. Campbell N., Reece J., Taylor M., Simon. E. Biology Concepts and Connections. San Fransisco :
Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2006. 0-8053-7160-5.
6. Taylor, Stephen. Science Video Resources. [Online] Wordpress, 2010.
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com.
7. IBO. Biology Subject Guide. [Online] 2007. http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/productionapp2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/1.html.
Self Assessment:
Essential Biology
Criterion
Presentation &
Organisation
Academic
Honesty
Objective 1
understanding
Objective 2
understanding
Objective3
understanding
Assessment
Complete (2)
Partially complete (1)
NA
Complete and neat. All command terms highlighted,
tables and diagrams well presented.
Self
Sources cited using the CSE (ISO 690 numerical)
method, with Works Cited section complete and
correct.
All answers for the following command terms
Most answers for the following command terms
correct:
correct:
Define
Draw
Label
List
Measure State
Most answers for the following command terms
All answers for the following command terms correct:
correct:
Annotate Apply
Calculate Describe Distinguish Estimate Identify
Outline
Most answers for the following command terms
All answers for the following command terms correct:
correct:
Analyse Comment Compare Construct Deduce Derive Design Determine Discuss
Evaluate
Explain Predict
Show Solve
Sketch Suggest
Logic, notation,
mathematical
working
Further research
NA
NA
Answers are presented in a logical and concise manner.
SI units used most times, with correct unit symbols and
definitions of terms. All mathematical working shown.
NA
Evidence is apparent of research and reading beyond
the textbook and presentations to find correct answers
to challenging questions. If any questions are
unanswered, this criterion scores zero.
Total (max 10):
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
MrT