Welcome to our class
Class 16,Grade 2
The Black Death
流行病
Epidemics
is a kind of _____________ .
Definition:
a large number of cases of a particular disease
happening at the same time in a particular
area
Unit 21 Human Biology
Lesson 3
Epidemics Explained
Part I
Warm-up
Look at the Key words.which of these
diseases can be epidemics?
Key Words
AIDS, cancer, flu, headache, heart
disease, stomachache
Answers: AIDS, flu
Thinking:
In the 21st century ,we have suffered from
two large epidemics.Do you know what
are they?
SARS,in 2003
Why are they wearing
masks in warm May?
H1N1,in 2009
So what the other epidemics broke out
in the history?
Please open your books and turn to
page 39
Epidemics throughout history
Part II
Reading
Reading Strategies:
● Read the text with gaps to get the general idea
and see how it develops.
● Read the sentences before and after the gaps
to give you an idea of what the beinning or end
of the missing paragraph might refer to.
● Read the missing paragraphs and look for these
references.
●If a paragraph doesn't seem to fit,you may have
made a mistake,so carefully reread each
paragraph.
Fast-reading
1.Match the five paragraphs (A-E)
with gaps 3, 5, 8, 10 and 12 in the text.
Paragraph 3
A
Paragraph 5
B
Paragraph 8
C
Paragraph10
D
Paragraph12
E
2.How many parts can we devide our
text into?
Part I Introduction Para. _____
1
to Para. ____
2
Part II Several epidemics from the past to
the present
3
11
Para.______to
Para.______
Part III How to fight againt the epidemics?
12 to Para._____
13
Para.______
Careful-reading
Careful-reading
1.Work in pairs. Do you think these
statements are true (T) or false (F)?
1) Flu kills millions of people every year.
2) Epidemics have no effects on historical events.
3) Most diseases are very new.
4) Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the
population in rural areas.
5) It takes years for a disease to spread worldwide
6) More people died in World War I than died of a
flu epidemic in 1918/1919.
1).Flu kills millions of people every year.
( )
T
affected
__________________
2) Epidemics have no
effects on historical
events.(
F
)
3).Most diseases are very new. (
T
)
4). Epidemics can wipe out up to half of
urban
the population in ________
rural areas. ( F )
5). It takes years for a disease to spread
worldwide.
( T)
6).More people died in World War I than
died of a flu epidemic in 1918/1919. ( F )
2. Choose the best answer to each
question according to the text.
1) Which kind of epidemics were not
mentioned in the text?
A. Bird flu
B. the Great Flu Epidemic
C. the Swine Flu 猪流感
D. SARS
Answer: C
2) Which of the following epidemics is
the most ————
acute in history?
A. SARS. serious
B. The Black Death.
C. Bird Flu.
D. The Great Flu Epidemic.
Answer: D
3) The epidemic was called “The Black
Death” because ________.
A. people who died from the disease
were all black people
B. people became black when they were
infected 症状
C. one symptom
————————of the epidemic was
black spots on the body
D. it spread rapidly and killed many
people
Answer: C
4) SARS was also harmful to doctors and
nurses who treated SARS patients because
______.
A. no one really knew much about the
抗体
epidemic and they had no natural
defences
————————————
like most people
B. SARS spread quickly from the hospitals
C. they had low immunity (免疫力)
D. prescription
_________ were given
_________________ drugs or tablets
to patients first
Answer: A
5) What has been considered important
when doctors deal with epidemics?
A. Thorough and systematic medical
research.
B. Teamwork among countries.
C. Prescription drugs or tablets.
D. Natural defenses against epidemics.
Answer: B
6).How does the passage develop?
A.In order of time
B.In order of space
C.In order of logic
D.In order of place
Answer:A
3. Complete the tables with the detailed
information from the text.
贾斯廷瘟疫
Time
500-550
AD
Justinian’s Plague Para.3-4
Area
The Death
North Africa,
the Mid East
and Europe
Up to 50 %
of the area’s
population
Description:
earliest on record
•one of the _________
fall of the
•one of the main causes of the ______
Roman Empire
The Black Death Para.5-6
Time
In the
1330’s
Area
Europe, Asia,
Africa and the
Middle East
The Death
Up to one
half of the
population
Description:
•It spread _______
rapidly and became known as one
symptom was ______spots
on the body.
black
•War, _______
crowed cities provided the _______
perfect
conditions for it to spread___________.
worldwide
Para.7-8
The Great Flu Epidemic (the Spanish Flu)
Time
Area
1918
Worldwide
The Death
Up to 50
million
people
Description:
•the most _______
acute worldwide epidemic
•It struck near __________
the end of World War I.
•More people died of the ______
flu than died in
the ______.
war
SARS
Para 9-11
Time
Area
The Death
20022003
From China to
the globe
774
Description:
lung disease and spread
•It began with a ______
quickly
completely new.
•It was __________
natural defenses
•Most people had no _________
against the disease.
alarming
•It was still very _________.
Part III
Speaking
There are two topics as follow,you can
choose one of the them to talk .Make a
dialogue with your partners or talk about
your own opinion.
1.How did you feel after reading the article?
2.If a new epidemic broke out in our country
now ,what should our government do?
What about you?
Part IV
Homework
1.Review our text after class.
2.Finish Exercise 6 and 7 on page 39.
Part III
Paraphrase
1. Scientists now guess that up to 50% of the
area’s population died from the epidemic
making it one of the main causes of the fall of
the Roman Empire.
译文：科学家现在猜测，这个地区超过50%
的人口死于这场瘟疫，使得它成为了罗马帝
国衰亡的主要原因之一。
结构分析：主语scientists，谓语是guess, that
引导一个宾语从句，在从句中，主语是
population,谓语是died,宾语是the epidemic，
making... 是现在分词短语作状语。
2. Many people fear it could be the next
global epidemic, especially as scientists who
studied tissue from the bodies of people who
died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that
Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same
virus.
译文：许多人担心禽流感可能是下一次的全
球性的大瘟疫，特别是因为科学家们研究了
人体身上的组织，而这些人都是死于1918年
西班牙流感的，并最后证明禽流感是和它有
着同样病毒的一种现代变体。
结构分析：
此句为复合句。主句的主语是many
people，谓语是fear，后面带了一个宾
语从句：it could be the next global
epidemic。后面as引导的是一个原因状
语从句，从句的主干为：as scientists
proved that ...；其中scientists后有一个
由who引导的定语从句，而这个定语
从句中又含有一个定语从句用来修饰
先行词people。
3. Meanwhile, governments worldwide
have also underlined the fact that thorough
and systematic medical research on Bird
Flu needs to lead to a cure as soon as
possible.
译文：与此同时，各国政府指出了这样
一个事实，就是对禽流感彻底地系统化
地医疗研究必须尽快找到治愈的措施。
结构分析：主语是governments，谓语
have underlined，宾语是the fact，后面
that引导的是一个同位语从句。
Part IV
Language Notes
1. Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists
have been doing trials on treatments to
prohibit any future outbreaks.
[用法点拨]
prohibit vt. “禁止；阻止（= to forbid sth or
sb from doing sth esp by laws, rules or
regulations）”，其用法有：
1) 后接名词或代词作宾语。
2) 后接动名词作宾语，动名词形式也可用
其复合结构，即sb / sb’s doing。
3) 构成搭配：prohibit sb from sth /doing
sth 禁止（阻碍）某人做某事。
The police prohibit parking in the center of
the city.
警方禁止在市中心停车。
The law prohibits tobacconists from selling
cigarettes to children.
法律禁止烟贩向儿童出售香烟。
Smoking is strictly prohibited in the
process of handling explosive materials.
在处理易爆物时，严格禁止吸烟。
forbid / ban / prohibit 都含“禁止”的意思。
(1) forbid是常用词, 指“命令某人不做某事”
I forbid you to tell anyone.
(2) ban 语气较重, 指权威机关“正式禁止”,
含“严厉谴责”之意,只能用物作其宾语。
The government has banned the use of
chemical weapons.
(3) prohibit指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”。
The soldiers were prohibited from leaving
camp after dark.
[即时演练] 翻译句子：
1) 有关规定禁止司机在开车前饮酒。
The regulations prohibit the drivers
from drinking wine before driving.
2) 在加油站，吸烟是严厉禁止的。
Smoking is strictly prohibited in the
gas station.
3) 他的家庭经济情况不允许他上大学。
Family finances prohibited his going
to college.
They are only teenagers, so their
parents ____
B them to smoke.
A. prohibit
C. ignore
B. forbid
D. block
2. Modern communication technology
and medical research techniques allow
health experts all over the world to unite.
[用法点拨]
unite 意为“联合(= to act or work
together)”， 如：
We should unite to fight poverty and
disease.
我们应该联合起来为消除贫穷和疾病
而斗争。
The more of the masses we unite with, the
better.
我们联合起来的群众越多，就越有利。
unite 还可表示“统一；团结(= to
become one; to come or bring together)”，
如：
After three years in prison he was again
united with his wife and family.
他在狱中关了三年之后, 又与妻子和家
里人团圆了。
The threat of war has united the country
behind its leaders.
国难当头全国人民都团结在领袖的周
围。
[拓展]
united adj. 和睦的；团结的；联合的；
统一的；结盟的
[即时演练]翻译句子：
我们必须紧密地团结在一起。
We must unite closely.
3. With all the international effort being
made, we have to have faith that there will
be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu
epidemic in its tracks.
[用法点拨]
faith 为不可数名词，意为“信心；信任
(=confidence；trust; strong belief)”，如：
He has faith in my ability.
他对我的能力有信心。
I haven’t much faith in this medicine.
我对这种药没有多大信心。
[拓展]
相关搭配：
break faith with sb 对某人不守信用
have faith in 相信；信任
have no faith in 不相信
keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信
lose faith in 失去对……的信念; 不再信
任
put faith in 相信；信任
shake one’s faith 动摇某人的信心
[即时演练]
用faith一词翻译下列句子：
1. 我相信你；我肯定你会做好的。
I have faith in you；I am sure you will
do well.
2. 为什么你对他不守信用？
Why did you break faith with him?
3. 我再也不相信那个家伙了。
I’ve lost faith in that fellow.
4. Yet, somehow, it was forgotten by
history until very recently when SARS
became a cause for concern.
[用法点拨]
concern n. 意为“担心；担忧(= a
feeling of worry)”，如：
The recent rise in crime is a matter of
considerable public concern.
最近犯罪率的上升成为了很多民众担
忧的事情。
She hasn’t been seen for four days and
there is concern for her safety.
已经四天没见到她了。她的安全令人担
心。
concern还可用作动词，意为：
1)影响；涉及；关系到(=affect；be the
business of sb)，如：
This is a great event that concerns the
future of our company.
这是一件关系到我们公司未来的大事。
2)关心（某事）(= to interest oneself in
sth; be busy with sth) ，如：
She’s always concerning herself about
other people’s business.
她总是喜欢关心别人的事情。
3)使担忧；使烦恼(= to worry sb; to
trouble) ，如：
His illness concerns us all very much.
他的病情使我们感到很担心。
[拓展]
concerning prep. 关于
concerned adj.
有关的；牵连的；焦急的，担忧的
be concerned with
与……有关；牵涉到
concern oneself with/about
对……感兴趣
be concerned about / for 关心；挂念
as / so far as ... be concerned
就……而言；在……看来
[即时演练]
用concern完成下列句子。
1) 一位政府发言人对人质的生命安全
表示担忧。
expressed
A government spokesman _________
concern______
about the lives of the hostages.
______
2) 越来越多的人关心起环境问题。
are _________
concerning
More and more people ____
themselves
with environmental problems.
______ ______
3) 请不要为我操心了。
be concerned
about me.
Please don’t _____
_____ _____
4) 在我看来，这一观点是十分荒唐的。
As ___
far ___
as ____
I’m _________,
concerned this point
____
of view is ridiculous.
5) 她最近的一部纪录片是关于青年人失
业问题的。
is concerned
with
Her latest documentary ____
_____ ____
youth unemployment.
6) 听着，他们正说关于你的事呢。
Listen! They are saying something
concerning
you
________ ______.
5. Having killed up to 50 million people
in 18 months, with a tendency to strike
the young and fit rather than the old, the
Spanish Flu is believed to have been the
most acute epidemic in history.
[用法点拨]
rather than 可作连词词组使用，连接两
个并列成分，表示在两者中间进行选
择，意为“是 A 而不是 B ”、“宁愿 A
而不愿 B ”等。
后面可以接名词、代词、形容词、副
词、介词短语、动词的相应形式等。
如：
It is a telex rather than a letter.
与其说它是一封信，不如说它是一封
电传。
These are political rather than social
matters.
这些是政治问题而不是社会问题。
You, rather than she, are my guest.
你是我的客人，而不是她。
[注意]
rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语
时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名
词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
[拓展]
rather than 与would 连用时，构成would
rather...than...句式，意思是“宁愿……
而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两
者之中选择其一。
[即时演练]翻译下列句子：
1) 生气宁可发泄出来而不要闷在肚内。
It is better to express your anger, rather
than bottle it up.
2) 他通常起得早，而不是起得晚。
He usually gets up early rather than late.
3) 他晚上去公园，而不是早上去。
He went to the park in the evening rather
than in the morning.
4) 她是在笑，而不是在哭。
She is laughing rather than crying.
5) 他重建了房子，而不愿修缮。
He had the house rebuilt rather than
repaired.
6) 我们应该帮助他，而不是他应该帮助
我们。
We should help him rather than he should
help us.
6. Epidemics can wiped out up to half of
the population in urban area.
wipe out 彻底毁灭；勾销
No matter when the invader comes, they
will be wiped out clean.
Nothing could wipe out his bitter memory
of the past.
wipe up 擦净, 用拖把拖
wipe away 擦去, 除去（眼泪等）
7. With recent press reports drawing
parallels between Bird Flu and a killer ...
with +n. +v-ing结构在这里是作状语，表
示伴随状态
draw parallels between 指出 ... 相同之处；
在…之间作对照
in parallel 并行的,平行的
in parallel with 与…平行
run parallel to (with) 与…平行
without (a) parallel 举世无双
8. ... and left families mourning
worldwide.
leave sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事
He left his wife waiting for him.
Mother went out leaving her baby crying.
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
leave ... done / adj. / prep.听任/使保持(某
一状态)
9. …, the Spanish Flu is believed to have
been the most acute epidemic in history.
acute adj.严重的；剧烈的；敏锐的
He suffers from acute depression.
It is urgent that the acute problem of air
pollution in the city be solved.
She complained of acute pains in her chest.
She has acute hearing.
She has a (an) _______
eye for fashion，
C
which makes her a very good shopping
companion.
A. active
B. swift
C. acute
D. dull
All the doctors of the world are trying their
best to ___
B AIDS that has caused thousands
and thousands of people to die.
A. wipe off
C. wipe away
B. wipe out
D. wipe up
Part V
Speaking
Complete these sentences about the text
in your own words.
1) We know that epidemics have been
with us for thousands of years
because…
2) An epidemic may have been one of the
key causes of the fall of the Roman
Empire because…
3) The ‘Black Death’ spread rapidly in
Asia and Europe because…
4) SARS spread from Hong Kong to
Canada, Vietnam and Singapore
because…
5) Many doctors and nurses became ill
with SARS because…
How did you feel after reading the article?
Tell the class.
Part VI
Vocabulary
Synonyms
1. Match the words from the passage
(1-10) with their meanings (a-j).
( i )1 trial, ( g) 2 prohibit, ( c) 3 pause,
( j ) 4 tendency, ( h) 5 acute, ( b) 6 statistics,
( d ) 7 routine, ( e ) 8 press, ( f) 9 tablet
( a )10 thorough
a) complete, b) data, c) delay, d) habit, e)
media, f) pill, g) prevent, h) severe, i) test,
j) trend
Synonyms are different words with identical
or very similar meanings.
Synonyms can be any part of speech (e.g.
nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or
prepositions), as long as both members of the
pair are the same part of speech.
student and pupil (noun)
buy and purchase (verb)
sick and ill (adjective)
quickly and speedily (adverb)
on and upon (preposition)
2. Complete the sentences with these
words.
mourn, faith , symptoms, prescription,
systematic, tissue
prescription
1) The doctor wrote out a ___________
for my medicine.
2) When someone dies, it is natural to
mourn
_________.
3) I have a lot of ______
faith in Jim. I’m sure
he’ll do the right thing.
symptoms and I will
4) Tell me your __________
try to tell you what disease you have.
systematic way,
5) If you study in a ___________
you won’t leave anything out.
tissue
6) The SARS virus affects lung ______.
3. Use the following phrases to finish the exercise
on the rise
die from die of
provide…for… was harmful to
a lack of
make up
1.The hotel________
provides a reservation of tickets _____
for
its residents.
make up to you for what you
2.How can we __________
have suffered?
died of cancer when he was 10 years old.
3.His father ________
4.Eating much and exercising little ______________
is harmful to
your health.
5.The cost of living is on
__________
the rise as prices are
increasing at present.
Homework
1. Finish exercises 1-5 on pages 84-85.
2. Talk about the future of medicine.
Example:
Which of these things do you think will
happen within the next 25 years?
•New drugs will stop all diseases.
•Doctors will find a cure for SARS.
•Flu will disappear.
•AIDS will cause large epidemics.
SARS
What more Epidemics do you know?
Can you give some more?
Part I
Warm-up
In May, 2009, Mexicans are wearing
various masks.