Unit 1 Notes:
The
Organ
Systems
(1) You Are “Chemicals”
• You are made of:
– Atoms
– Chemical compounds (i.e.- biomolecules)
– Charged particles (ions)
• Body processes are:
– Chemical reactions (a.k.a- metabolism)
– The breaking down + forming of molecules
– Homeostasis
(2) Anatomy vs. Physiology
• Anatomy:
The study of specific body structures, their
composition, their location, and their names.
• Physiology:
The study of how specific body structures work
both individually and with other structures.
(3) The Nervous System
• Organs / Structures:
– Brain , Spinal Cord , Nerves , Neurons (Cells)
• Main Functions:
– Respond to all internal and external stimuli/changes.
– Process + Prioritize incoming stimulus messages.
– Stimulate the movement/function of all other organ
systems.
(4) The Cardio System
• Organs / Structures:
– Heart , Blood Vessels (Veins & Arteries), Blood ,
Erythrocyotes & Leukocytes (Cells)
• Main Functions:
– Circulate cellular nutrients to tissues in need.
– Circulate cellular waste away from functioning tissues.
– Pump blood to allow for nutrient/waste circulation.
– Work closely with respiratory system.
(5) The Respiratory System
• Organs / Structures:
– Nasal Cavity, Trachea, Bronchioles & Alveoli, Lungs,
Diaphragm
• Main Functions:
– Take in oxygen gas and transfer to blood cells.
– Remove carbon dioxide gas from blood cells and expel
out of body.
– Work closely with the cardiovascular system.
(6) The Skeletal System
• Organs / Structures:
– Bones , Joints , Cartilage
• Main Functions:
– Protect internal organs.
– Provide support and structure for body.
– Store and produce necessary blood cells, growth
hormones and minerals.
– Provide a wider range of motion and shock-absorption.
(7) The Muscular System
• Organs / Structures:
– Muscles, Tendons & Ligaments
• Main Functions:
– Work with skeletal system to allow for body mobility.
– Produce heat energy for body.
– Allow for bipedalism in humans.
(8) The Digestive System
• Organs / Structures:
– Oral Cavity , Esophagus , Stomach , Small Intestine ,
Large Intestine , Rectum & Anus
• Main Functions:
– Break food into smaller pieces.
– Metabolize biomolecules.
– Absorb useful nutrients from food into bloodstream.
– Excrete unusable / harmful compounds out of the
body.
(9) The Excretory System
• Organs / Structures:
– Kidneys , Nephrons , Ureters , Bladder , Urethra
• Main Functions:
– Filter blood.
– Reabsorb useful nutrients back into bloodstream.
– Excrete excess nutrients / harmful compounds as urine.
(10) The Endocrine System
• Organs / Structures:
– Glands, Hormones
• Main Functions:
– Produce and secrete hormones.
– Stimulate body development, growth, and
reproduction.
– Control cellular metabolism.
(11) The Reproductive System
• Organs / Structures:
– Male: Penis, Testicles, Sperm
– Female: Vagina, Ovaries, Eggs
• Main Functions:
– Produce offspring.
– Pass on successful genes.
(12) The Integumentary System
• Organs / Structures:
– Skin, Hair, Nails
• Main Functions:
– Protect internal organs.
– Produce Vitamin D and Melanin.
– Provide additional body heat and reduce friction.
– Allow for additional manipulation.
(13) The Lymphatic System
• Organs / Structures:
– Lymph Nodes, Lymph Vessels, White Blood Cells
• Main Functions:
– Protect body from infectious agents.
– Collect leaked cellular fluid.
– Dispose / Recycle necessary cellular fluid.