Biology I
Parts of a Cell
Engage: Warm Up
1. List as many organs as you can think of
in your body.
2. Make a list of DIFFERENCES that you
see between these two cells.
Review Warm Up
Brain
Nucleus
Command center/brain of cell controls all
activities.
Stomach Vacuole
Stores water and waste for the cell.
Muscles Ribosome
Protein synthesis or “factory”
Heart
Mitochondria Cellular Respiration site. Makes energy
for cell.
Skin
Cell
Controls what goes in and out of cell.
membrane Maintains homeostasis for the cell.
Get ready for “Cell Organelle Notes”
Organelles
What is an
organelle?
• Organelle means “little
organ”
• Each organelle has a
specific job (function)
• All of them must work
together to keep the cell
alive
A Cell is Like a City!
Prokaryotic Cells
(AKA “Simple” Cells)
Fewer Parts…
Cell Wall
• Surrounds the cell
• Provides structure
and protection
Plasma Membrane
(cell membrane)
• Surrounds cell
(like a city wall
with gates)
• Controls what
goes in and out
of cell
Outside
Cytoplasm
Outside
• Contains organelles (where everything takes place)
• Jelly-like substance
DNA
• Contains genetic
information
• Found in
cytoplasm. Not
bound by
anything.
Ribosomes
Outside
• Make proteins (like builders and workers)
• Can be floating in cytoplasm or attached
to the rough ER
Phytoplankton
Up Close
Single Celled
Marine
Organisms
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Phytoplankton
Up Close
Protoperidinium Pellucidum
Microbes, like this single-celled
marine phytoplankton, make up a
staggering 90 percent of the
ocean’s total biomass. Because
such organisms are so difficult to
observe in nature, much of the
ocean’s microbial life remains a
mystery to science.
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Thalassionema
This star-shaped colony of
marine diatoms is called
Thalassionema. Diatoms are
single-celled algae and some
of the most numerous
photosynthetic “plants” in the
oceans. Hundreds of diatoms
can fit on the head of a pin,
but these tiny organisms exist
in countless numbers—
enough to change seawater
color during periodic
population “blooms.”
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Dinoflagellate
A scanning electron microscope captured this pair of
unicellular dinoflagellates in a drop of seawater found
near the Opera House in Sydney, Australia. The
microbes were later colorized to produce this image’s
glowing, green hue. Scientists are just beginning to
understand the impact such invisible organisms can
have, for good or ill. Dinophysis species like these are
associated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells have the same parts as
prokaryotic cells…
and more!
Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus
Nucleus:
• Control center (like City Hall)
• Contains DNA
Mitochondria
• Power supply for cell (like a generator)
• Provides energy by breaking down
carbohydrates
Vacuole
• Stores water, food, and waste (like a water tower)
• small in animal cells
• LARGE in plant cells
Ribosomes
• Where protein
synthesis happen in
the cell.
• Typically recognized
by small dots unless
it’s a close up.
Cell Membrane
• Controls what goes
in and out of the
cell.
• Phospholipid
bilayer is made up
of 2 layers
(hydrophobic and
hydrophilic)
• Made mostly of
lipids with some
proteins.
Cytoplasm
• Filling inside the cell.
Plant Cell
• Cell wall
• Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
(plants only)
• Power supply for plant cells (like a power plant)
• Convert light energy into chemical energy
• Contain chlorophylls (which make them green!)
Cell Wall
(plant cells and bacteria cells)
• Gives structure and support to cell
• Made of cellulose (a carbohydrate!)
Aquatic Organisms
Classify By Cell Type
• Bay Grass
1. What type of cell
is it made up of?
2. Name 2
organelles that
are found in this
organism’s cells
that would not be
found in animal
cells.
Aquatic Organisms
Classify By Cell Type
• Rock Fish
1. What type of cell
is it made up of?
2. What is the
outermost
boundary of this
fish’s cells?
Aquatic Organisms
Classify By Cell Type
• Phytoplankton
1. What type of cell
is it made up of?
2. How is the
genetic
information
arranged in this
organism?
Revisit Our Warm Up
Can you think of what organelles are most
like the following organs?
Brain
Command center/brain of cell controls all
activities.
Stomach Vacuole
Stores water and waste for the cell.
Muscles Ribosome Protein synthesis or “factory”
Heart
Cellular Respiration site. Makes energy
Mitochondria
for cell.
Skin Cell membrane Controls what goes in and out of cell.
Maintains homeostasis for the cell.
Nucleus
Evaluate
• Fill in a diagram to compare and contrast
eukaryotes and prokaryotes. You may use
your notes that you took during class.
Only
Prokaryotes
Only
Eukaryotes
Extension & Extra Slides Below
(Organelles not tested on HSA)
• Create flash cards of the cell parts
• One side = name and drawing (picture)
• Other side = function (what it does)
Golgi Apparatus
Packages, sorts
and ships
proteins
Prokaryotes make up bacteria.
Compete for the biggest list including:
1. What are all the different places
that you could find prokaryotes
(bacteria)?
2. What are infections caused by
prokaryotes (bacteria)?.
3. Give names of prokaryotes
(bacteria)?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Network of membranes that transport proteins
(like streets and highways)
• Rough ER- contains ribosomes to make proteins
• Smooth ER- no ribosomes, makes lipids
Nucleus & Nucleolus
Nucleus:
Nucleolus:
• Control center (like City Hall)
• Inside of nucleus
• Contains DNA
• Makes ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
• Gives shape to the cells (like support for buildings)
• Moves things around
Golgi Apparatus
• Packages, sorts and ships proteins
(like a post office)