Catalyst #17 Pg. 87Take out Flashcards 1. Go to the class website Open and do the Catalyst: Anatomy: Lesson 85- Catalyst #17-4/3-4/4 AND ANATOMY: LESSON 83- Drugs on the Brain PPT-4/3-4/4 AND Anatomy: Lesson 85- Drugs Graphic Organizer-4/3-4/4 AND Anatomy: Lesson 85- Brain Dissection Pre Lab-4/3-4/4 Assigned VocabularyDue Next Th/Fri 47. Agonist 48. Antagonist 49. Stimulant 50. Depressant Semester 2 Table of Contents 24. Lesson 82- Action Potential Simulation Pg. 79-80 25. Lesson 83- Synaptic Transmission Pg. 81-84 26. Lesson 84- Drugs Intro Pg. 8586 27. Lesson 85- Drugs (2) Pg. 87-90 Assigned Vocabulary- Due TODAY 42. Synapse 43. Synaptic cleft 44. Pre synaptic neuron 45. Post synaptic neuron 46. Synaptic Vesicle Fight-Or-Flight: Rest-and-Digest: (1) Presynaptic neuron (2) Postsynaptic neuron (3) neurotransmitter Announcements • Brain Dissection: 4/7-4/8 – Pre lab needs to be completed in order to be part of the dissection – You will be assigned to groups of 4 – Dissection= 1 test grade (you cannot make this up) • Nervous System Test: 4/11-4/12 – 1 test grade • Notebook Check Date Change AND Grade Change: – Wednesday 4/10 – Count as 2 grades for March AND April • TOTAL: 4 grades Let’s Explore (20-30 min)-Pg.90 • https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/introb.html#dr • Directions: – Click on 5 drugs – Read the entire page – Fill out your graphic organizer Explain the different categories of drugs and their mechanisms of action. Get Ready for Notes Pg. 88-89 Title: Drugs on the Brain What is a drug? • Any substance that produces a change in the structure or function of your body • A psychoactive drug produces a change in the structure of your function of your brain drugs Psychoactive drugs Stimulant Depressant Opiate hallucinogen Categories of psychoactive drugs 1 stimulant 2 depressant 3 opiate 4 hallucinogen Sympathetic Nervous System 1. stimulant caffeine • Speeds up body processes by acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper” cocaine • Based on the above, what symptoms would you predict? amphetamines nicotine 1. stimulant caffeine • Speeds up body processes by acting on the sympathetic nervous system (sympathetomimetics);“upper” • Symptoms cocaine • Abnormal cheerfulness or • • • • • talkativeness Frequent urination Loss of appetite Difficulty sleeping Increased heart rate & breathing Anxiety amphetamines nicotine 2. depressants 2. depressant barbiturates • Slows down body processes by acting on parasympathetic nervous system (“downers”) • Symptoms • slows down breathing and heart rate • slows down reflexes • disrupts coordination • Impairs judgment • lack of concentration tranquilizers alcohol Stop & Think Compare and contrast stimulants versus depressants 3. opiate heroin • Endorphins make you happy • Opiates are agonists for endorphins, and are used a painkillers morphine Methadone codeine 3. opiate heroine • Symptoms • Produce a sense of euphoria and well-being, blocking out pain and problems • Drowsiness • Lack of attention • Loss of appetite • Extremely addictive • Your body: “You don’t need me to make endorphins anymore, right?” morphine Methadone codeine 4. hallucinogens LSD • “psychedelics” • Changes your perceptions of things: sensory hallucinations, loss of identify, vivid fantasies • Persistent: reverse tolerance • Disassociatives: A type of hallucinogen that blocks signals to the conscious mind from the rest of the brain mushrooms Peyote PCP 5. uncategorized • Some drugs are complex and have characteristics of multiple categories • Examples of these drugs include marijuana and ecstasy Agonist vs. Antagonist: Return of the Synapse neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron postsynaptic neuron (axon terminal) (dendrite) Action Potential Arrives neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) Synaptic Vesicle merges membrane neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) Neurotransmitters released into synaptic cleft (diffusion) neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the post synaptic neuron neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle Excitation more action potentials synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) Neurotransmitter reuptake (“recycling”) neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) This binding causes an excitation or an inhibition neurotransmitter receptor glutamate GABA excitation more action potentials inhibition fewer action potentials postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) An agonist is a “pretender” neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) An antagonist blocks the receptor neurotransmitter receptor synaptic vesicle neurotransmitter synaptic cleft presynaptic neuron (axon terminal) postsynaptic neuron (dendrite) agonist antagonist A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials. agonist A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and causing action potentials. agonist antagonist Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen. antagonist Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that signaling cannot happen. Cocaine/Crack The drug block the reuptake channels for dopamine. When dopamine is released, it is unable to return back to the presynaptic neuron. This causes more neurotransmitter to be released into the synaptic cleft, more sodium channels are open, and more action potentials are fired. LSD The drug most resembles the neurotransmitter serotonin, so it is able to unlock the postsynaptic receptor. This causes more action potentials (electric signaling) in the visual cortex of the brain. Meth This drug enters the pre-synaptic neuron through the reuptake channels and takes the place of dopamine in the synaptic vesicles. The dopamine is then bullied out and pushed into the synaptic cleft causing an overflow of the neurotransmitter. Alcohol • This drug increases the effect of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It slows down action potentials. • The other way is that it blocks postsynaptic receptors for glutamate so that the glutamate cannot bind to postsynaptic receptors and release a signal. Marijuana • Cannabinoid receptors exist in the hippocampus, cerebellum • Cannabinoid receptors are activated by a neurotransmitter called anandamide. • THC mimics the actions of anandamide, meaning that THC binds with cannabinoid receptors and activates neurons, • Blocks acetylcholine from being released. Brain Dissection Pre Lab- Separate sheet of paper that you will turn in on Mon/Tues • Needs to be complete in order to do lab on Mon/Tues • REMEMBER: • You cannot make up the brain lab • Unexcused Absent= NP