Catalyst #17 Pg. 87Take out Flashcards
1. Go to the class website
Open and do the Catalyst:
Anatomy: Lesson 85- Catalyst #17-4/3-4/4
AND
ANATOMY: LESSON 83- Drugs on the Brain
PPT-4/3-4/4
AND
Anatomy: Lesson 85- Drugs Graphic
Organizer-4/3-4/4
AND
Anatomy: Lesson 85- Brain Dissection Pre
Lab-4/3-4/4
Assigned VocabularyDue Next Th/Fri
47. Agonist
48. Antagonist
49. Stimulant
50. Depressant
Semester 2 Table of Contents
24. Lesson 82- Action Potential
Simulation Pg. 79-80
25. Lesson 83- Synaptic
Transmission Pg. 81-84
26. Lesson 84- Drugs Intro Pg. 8586
27. Lesson 85- Drugs (2) Pg. 87-90
Assigned Vocabulary- Due
TODAY
42. Synapse
43. Synaptic cleft
44. Pre synaptic neuron
45. Post synaptic neuron
46. Synaptic Vesicle
Fight-Or-Flight:
Rest-and-Digest:
(1) Presynaptic
neuron
(2) Postsynaptic
neuron
(3)
neurotransmitter
Announcements
• Brain Dissection: 4/7-4/8
– Pre lab needs to be completed in order to be part of
the dissection
– You will be assigned to groups of 4
– Dissection= 1 test grade (you cannot make this up)
• Nervous System Test: 4/11-4/12
– 1 test grade
• Notebook Check Date Change AND Grade Change:
– Wednesday 4/10
– Count as 2 grades for March AND April
• TOTAL: 4 grades
Let’s Explore (20-30 min)-Pg.90
• https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/introb.html#dr
• Directions:
– Click on 5 drugs
– Read the entire page
– Fill out your graphic organizer
Explain the different
categories of drugs and
their mechanisms of
action.
Get Ready for Notes Pg. 88-89
Title: Drugs on the Brain
What is a drug?
• Any substance that
produces a change in
the structure or
function of your body
• A psychoactive drug
produces a change in
the structure of your
function of your brain
drugs
Psychoactive
drugs
Stimulant
Depressant
Opiate
hallucinogen
Categories of psychoactive drugs
1 stimulant
2
depressant
3 opiate
4
hallucinogen
Sympathetic Nervous System
1. stimulant
caffeine
• Speeds up body processes by
acting on the sympathetic
nervous system
(sympathetomimetics);“upper”
cocaine
• Based on the
above, what
symptoms
would you
predict?
amphetamines
nicotine
1. stimulant
caffeine
• Speeds up body processes by
acting on the sympathetic
nervous system
(sympathetomimetics);“upper”
• Symptoms
cocaine
• Abnormal cheerfulness or
•
•
•
•
•
talkativeness
Frequent urination
Loss of appetite
Difficulty sleeping
Increased heart rate & breathing
Anxiety
amphetamines
nicotine
2. depressants
2. depressant
barbiturates
• Slows down body
processes by acting on
parasympathetic nervous
system (“downers”)
• Symptoms
• slows down breathing
and heart rate
• slows down reflexes
• disrupts coordination
• Impairs judgment
• lack of concentration
tranquilizers
alcohol
Stop & Think
Compare and contrast
stimulants versus
depressants
3. opiate
heroin
• Endorphins make you happy
• Opiates are agonists for
endorphins, and are used a
painkillers
morphine
Methadone
codeine
3. opiate
heroine
• Symptoms
• Produce a sense of euphoria
and well-being, blocking out
pain and problems
• Drowsiness
• Lack of attention
• Loss of appetite
• Extremely addictive
• Your body: “You don’t need
me to make endorphins
anymore, right?”
morphine
Methadone
codeine
4. hallucinogens
LSD
• “psychedelics”
• Changes your perceptions
of things: sensory
hallucinations, loss of
identify, vivid fantasies
• Persistent: reverse
tolerance
• Disassociatives: A type of
hallucinogen that blocks
signals to the conscious
mind from the rest of the
brain
mushrooms
Peyote
PCP
5. uncategorized
• Some drugs are complex and have
characteristics of multiple categories
• Examples of these drugs include
marijuana and ecstasy
Agonist vs. Antagonist: Return of the
Synapse
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
postsynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
(dendrite)
Action Potential Arrives
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
Synaptic Vesicle merges membrane
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
Neurotransmitters released into synaptic
cleft
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
Neurotransmitters released into synaptic
cleft (diffusion)
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
Neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the
post synaptic neuron
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
This binding causes an excitation or an
inhibition
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
Excitation
more action potentials
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
Neurotransmitter reuptake (“recycling”)
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
This binding causes an excitation or an
inhibition
neurotransmitter receptor
glutamate
GABA
excitation
more action potentials
inhibition
fewer action potentials
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
An agonist is a “pretender”
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
An antagonist blocks the receptor
neurotransmitter receptor
synaptic vesicle
neurotransmitter
synaptic cleft
presynaptic neuron
(axon terminal)
postsynaptic neuron
(dendrite)
agonist
antagonist
A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to
serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and
causing action potentials.
agonist
A drug pretends to be serotonin, binding to
serotonin’s postsynaptic receptors and
causing action potentials.
agonist
antagonist
Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that
signaling cannot happen.
antagonist
Alcohol blocks glutamate receptors so that
signaling cannot happen.
Cocaine/Crack
The drug block the reuptake
channels for dopamine.
When dopamine is
released, it is unable to
return back to the presynaptic neuron. This
causes more
neurotransmitter to be
released into the synaptic
cleft, more sodium channels
are open, and more action
potentials are fired.
LSD
The drug most
resembles the
neurotransmitter
serotonin, so it is able
to unlock the
postsynaptic receptor.
This causes more
action potentials
(electric signaling) in
the visual cortex of the
brain.
Meth
This drug enters the
pre-synaptic neuron
through the reuptake
channels and takes the
place of dopamine in
the synaptic vesicles.
The dopamine is then
bullied out and pushed
into the synaptic cleft
causing an overflow of
the neurotransmitter.
Alcohol
• This drug increases
the effect of GABA,
an inhibitory
neurotransmitter. It
slows down action
potentials.
• The other way is
that it blocks postsynaptic receptors
for glutamate so that
the glutamate
cannot bind to
postsynaptic
receptors and
release a signal.
Marijuana
• Cannabinoid receptors exist in
the hippocampus, cerebellum
• Cannabinoid receptors are
activated by a
neurotransmitter called
anandamide.
• THC mimics the actions of
anandamide, meaning that
THC binds with cannabinoid
receptors and activates
neurons,
• Blocks acetylcholine from
being released.
Brain Dissection Pre Lab- Separate
sheet of paper that you will turn in on
Mon/Tues
• Needs to be complete in order to do lab on Mon/Tues
• REMEMBER:
• You cannot make up the brain lab
• Unexcused Absent= NP