History of Tourism
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Early Beginnings
 4000 BC – invention of
money, trade
 Sphinx in 2700 BC – Giza,
Egypt-attracted people
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 776 BC 1st Olympiad
-start of sport tourism
 300 BC Roman
Empire grows, roads,
military, trade
 53,000 miles
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Early beginnings – cont’d.
400 AD – Dark Ages – Roman empire
collapses
600-1000 AD – Silk road from Xian and
African Slave route begins
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1096 – 1270 AD – Crusades in
Holy Land- religious journey
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More Milestones
1295 AD – Marco Polo writes on China
1338- 1st passport
1347 – 1351 – Plague in Europe – loss of
life leads to feudal system collapse
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1500 – Renaissance – art, “Grand
Tour”, age of “enlightenment”.
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Last 500 years
1700 – 1825 – Industrial Revolution, steam
engines, rail, height of Grand Tour
1841 – Thomas Cook – first travel agency
1903 – Automobiles, Wright brothers
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Early 1900’s = postcard craze
“Wish you were here”
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Last 100 years
 1914–1919 – WWI Technology – air travel
 1920’s – cottages in the Catskills, summer homes
 1930 – 39 Great Depression, travel declines
 1939-1945 WWII. Technology, nuclear age,
Cold War.
 Post WWII North America – Dawn of mass
tourism. Tourism seen to rebuild Europe.
Baby Boomers are born.
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Last 100 years
1940-1960 – factories, jobs, weekends off.
Money and time: middle class blossoms
1944 – Largest road systems are built in
US, turnpike - roadside motels, services.
1950 – seaside seen as healthy, seaside
resorts. Niagara Falls
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Last 50 Years
 1957 – Space Age, 1st.
Jet plane
 1950’s and 60’s.
Cars, cars, cars in
North America
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 1960’s – package tours
expansion in
Mediterranean
 1960’s – Costa del Sol – 6
million visitors in 1960 to
30 million in 1975
 Sea, Sand, Sun and Sex. =
Seashore exploitation
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Last 50 years
 1967 – Expo in
Canada, Montreal
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 1969 – on the moon!
 1979 – Jumbo jets –
mass tourism
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 1980’s – mass tourism
splinters, alternative
forms of tourism
(ecotourism, green
tourism)
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Last 50 years
1980’s Turkey enters tourism market
1986 - Expo in Vancouver
1990’s – Information age, business travel
2001 – World Trade Center attack
2002-3 – Bombings in Bali, Jakarta
2003 – War in Iraq
2011 – Protests in Egypt
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Future
People will continue to travel
Today, women make up the majority of
tourists – especially in cultural sightseeing.
I.e. Office ladies from Japan
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History of Camping
 1920’s – known as “motor-hoboes”
 1920’s Yosemite 65% visitors in private cars
 1922 Mac’s Auto Camp in Santa Cruz
 1930’s – trailers. By 1937, 100,000 trailers on
the road
 1960-70’s – explosion of camping
 1980’s – close to 50 million campers in US
 1950 – 60’s – breakthrough in Europe
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Impacts of Tourism
Economic
Advantages
 Employment
 Profits for hundreds
of businesses
 Revives depressed
areas
 Invisible export –
source of foreign
currency
Disadvantages
 Inflation
 Replaces traditional
work
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Cultural Impacts
Advantages
 Passport to peace thru
understanding other
people
 Cultural interpretation
 Preservation of
culture
Disadvantages
 Stereotyping of
different nationalities
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Environmental Impacts
Advantages
 May help protect
 Create awareness and
appreciation
 Sustainable
development more
important
Disadvantages
 Pollution, noise,
overuse
 Use of sensitive areas
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Social Impacts
Advantages
 Education
 Freedom from local
constraints
Disadvantages
 Increased crime
 Sex tourism
 Resentment due to
gap
 Trinketization,
demonstration effect,
servile attitude
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Questions??
The End
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