Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Alcohols
Alcohols
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Euphemisms in Science
We all know that some politicians and government
spokesmen use certain euphemistic phrases to give an
aura of respectability to descriptions of events or actions
which would be offensive when expressed in plain English.
The following is a list of Euphemisms in Science and their
translations into plain English.
“It is believed that...”
I think!
“It is generally believed that...”
A couple of other guys think so too!
Functional Groups
A group of covalently bonded elements
that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a
unique quality.
Compounds with similar functional groups
will have similar qualities and properties.
Alcohols
•They are organic compounds that are
primarily used as disinfectants.
•Alcohols have the functional group of –OH.
•They have the general formula of R-OH.
How to Name Alcohols

Alcohols are named by adding the suffix -ol. If
there is more than one hydroxyl group (-OH),
the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that
indicates the number of hydroxyl groups
present (-diol, -triol, etc.).
The position of the hydroxyl group on the
parent chain is indicated by placing the number
corresponding to the location on the parent
chain directly in front of the base name.
How to Name Alcohols
The hydroxyl group takes precedence over alkyl
groups and halogen substituents, as well as double
bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain.
If there is a choice in numbering after these rules
are followed, the parent chain is numbered to give
the double bonds and then substituents the lowest
number.
Another Why - Maxine
Whatever happened to
Preparations A through G?
Examples of Naming Alcohols
A Primary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to an end carbon that is
attached to 1 other carbon)
Ethanol – drinking alcohol
Examples of Naming Alcohols
A Secondary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to a middle carbon that
has 2 other carbon bonds)
2-propanol
Examples of Naming Alcohols
A Tertiary Alcohol –
(-OH attached to a middle carbon that has 3 other
carbon bonds)
1,1-dimethylethanol
(no)
2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methylpropane-2-ol
More Examples of Naming Alcohols
1,2,3-propantriol
propane-1,2,3-triol
benzenol
phenol
Alcohols
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Exit Quiz: Alcohols
Not for General
Familiar Saying
Where there are visible vapors from ignited
carbonaceous materials, there is
conflagration.
Where there is smoke, there is fire!
Hydrocarbons with
Functional Groups
Ethers
Another Hittite
Innovation!!
Ethers
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from
Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!
Hint #6. If you can't get the answer in the
usual manner, start at the answer and
derive the question.
Ethers
•They are organic compounds that are
primarily used as anesthetics.
•Ethers have the functional group of –O– in the
middle of the carbon chain.
•They have the general formula of R-O-R’.
Examples of Naming Ethers
1. Name the chains as alkyl groups
2. Put them in alphabetical order
3. End with ether.
Name These Ethers:
ethylmethyl ether
Examples of Naming Ethers
1. Name the chains as an alkyl groups
2. Put them in alphabetical order
3. Ethylmethyl ether
4. (at 1 there is a methyl group)
5. 1-methylethylmethyl ether
Ethers
Let’s see if you can:
Recognize the functional group and give a
characteristic of this organic compound
Name the organic compound with this
functional group
Draw this organic compound with this
functional group
Name this Ether
1. Name the chains as alkyl groups
2. ethylmethyl ether
3. 1,1-dimethylethylmethyl ether
Murphy's Laws
of
Science and Technology
To err is human, but to really foul things up
requires a computer.