CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter presents the data obtained by this study and analyzes and interprets them
based on the problem identified in the first chapter.
The researcher had two types of respondent group: P1 (hypoxic patients administered with
oxygen via nasal cannula) and; P2 (hypoxic patients administered with oxygen via face mask).
Ten (10) hypoxic patients were chosen to be subjected in oxygen inhalation where blood
pressure reading, heart rate and respiratory rate where taken and recorded.
Table 1: Blood pressure reading of patients administered with oxygen via nasal cannula and face
mask.
Patient’s number
Blood Pressure reading (mmHg)
Nasal Cannula
Face Mask
1
80/60
90/60
2
80/60
80/60
3
130/80
160/80
4
110/70
120/70
5
210/100
220/120
6
100/70
110/90
7
100/80
120/80
8
130/80
140/100
9
110/80
120/80
10
120/70
130/80
Mean
117/76
129*/82
t critical=2.262 (*0.5 level of significance)
t stat=4.8110 (systole)
t stat= 2.25 (diastole)
In table 1, the result showed that the patients administered with oxygen via nasal cannula
had a mean value of 117/76, whereas the patients administered with oxygen via face mask had a
mean value of 129*/82. Using the t-test formula to examine the statistical difference between the
2 means, the systolic t stat computed value was 4.8110 while the diastole had a 2.25 t stat
computed value, with a t critical of 2.262 (0.5 level of significance) and therefore found out that
there is a mild increase in the systolic blood pressure on patients administered with oxygen via
face mask compared to nasal cannula. However, if the results and data collected were to be
analyze using percentage, there were 30% (3 out of 10) patients administered with oxygen via
nasal cannula had an increased in their blood pressure whereas 40% (40 out of 10) patients
administered with oxygen via face mask had an increased in their blood pressure and therefore
showed that 10% patients administered with oxygen via face mask had an increased in their
blood preassure compared to nasal cannula.
Inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level results from oxygen delivery or
oxygen utilization at the cellular level, thus increased the pulse rate and respiratory rate and
depth which increased number of red blood cells and increased blood viscosity resulted to
increased arterial blood pressure and intends to increased the heart contractility and leads to
increased in systolic blood pressure (Perry, 2001)
Results of this study conform unite the findings of Baser (2006) was conducted to
compare the efficiency and comfort of a binasal cannula versus face mask during oxygen
therapy, it has been found out that the use of binasal cannula was reported to be significantly
more comfortable and had a significantly fewer reports of dyspnea and restlessness, and was less
of nuisance to the studied patient. The efficiency of the 2 devices did not differ remarkably and
was regarded as more comfortable and time-saving device for delivery of oxygen to hypoxic
patient (Baser, 2006).
Table 2: Heart rate of patients administered with oxygen via nasal cannula and face mask.
Patient’s number
Heart rate (bpm)
Nasal Cannula
Face Mask
1
99
105
2
95
102
3
59
58
4
111
110
5
129
130
6
95
98
7
81
78
8
93
98
9
123
126
10
96
111
Mean
98.1
101.6ns
t critical= 2.262 (at 0.5 level of significance)
t stat= 2.132
ns=not significance
In table 2, the result showed that the heart rate of patients administered with oxygen via
nasal cannula had a mean value of 98.1 compared to 101.6 mean value of patients administered
with oxygen via face mask. T-test result showed a computed t stat value of 2.132 with a t critical
of 2.262 (at 0.5 level of significance) and therefore the findings showed that the heart rate of
patients administered with oxygen via nasal cannula and face mask has no significance. Though
the data showed a mild increase in heart rate on hypoxic patient administered with oxygen via
face mask, the t test result showed no significant difference on the data collected since the
respondent were only limited in number and due to limited range of time exposure of the hypoxic
patient on each oxygen inhalation devices. However, if we look on the table base on the results
and data obtained using percentage, it showed that 30% (3 out of 10) patients administered with
oxygen via nasal cannula had an increased in their heart rate whereas 60% (6 out of 10) patients
administered with oxygen via face mask had an increased in their heart rate therefore, the results
likely showed that there was 30% increased in heart rate on patient administered with oxygen via
face mask compared to nasal cannula using the percentage on obtaining the effect on heart rate to
hypoxic patient and comparing the significance difference between the two oxygen devices.
Same with the interpretation on table 1, inadequate oxygenation at the cellular level
causes increase in blood viscosity thus increases the heart to contact forcefully to normalize
blood circulation in the body which leads to increase in heart rate (Perry, 2001). The use of
binasal cannula is more preferable because it has less report on discomfort, dyspnea and
restlessness on the studied participant (Baser, 2006).
Table 3: Respiratory rate of patients before and after administered with oxygen via nasal cannula
and face mask.
Patient’s number
Initial Respiratory
After administration
After administration
Rate
on oxygen via Nasal
on oxygen via Face
Cannula
Mask
1
42
36
40
2
21
30
32
3
24
23
26
4
30
28
31
5
29
30
31
6
25
20
26
7
33
25
30
8
32
30
34
9
32
29
25
10
44
37
40
28.8
31.5
Mean
As shown in table 3, 20% (2 out of 10) patients after administered with oxygen via nasal
cannula had an increased in respiratory rate while 60% (6 out of 10) patients after administered
with oxygen via face mask had an increased in respiratory rate and therefore 40% of patient had
increased respiratory rate after administered with oxygen via face mask. However if t-test were
to be used to examine the significance difference between the two means where P 1 (patients
administered with oxygen via nasal cannula) had a mean value of 28.8 while P 2 (patients
administered with oxygen via face mask) had a mean value of 31.5 and therefore found out that
there was a mild increased in respiratory rate on patient administered with oxygen via face mask
compared to nasal cannula.
The hypoxic patient administered with oxygen via face mask had an increase in
respiratory rate /depth and it was due to inadequate supply of required oxygenation of the body at
the cellular level, this is to compensate the body’s required oxygen level through respiration
(Perry, 2001). The use of nasal cannula had a less increased in respiration thus indicates that the
body if more comfortable and relax on the oxygen device used during oxygen therapy and the
body receives adequate oxygen level throughout the treatment.
Vital Signs by Age
Age
Pulse Rate
Respiratory Rate
Blood Pressure
Newborn
130(80-180)
35(30-80)
73/55
1 year
120(80-140)
30(20-40)
90/55
5-8 years
100(75-120)
20(15-25)
95/57
10 years
70(50-90)
19(15-25)
102/62
Teen
75(50-90)
18(15-20)
120/80
Adult
80(60-100)
16(12-20)
120/80
70(60-100)
16(15-20)
Possible increase of diastolic
Older Adult (77yrs. of age)
Fundamentals of Nursing, 7th edition by Kozier, ERB, Berman, p.485