Ny’keema Scott
Child development
4th block
Trimesters
•
•
•
First trimester- during first trimester the first three months of pregnancy an
amazingly rapid sequence of prenatal development occur. It begins at the
moment of conception. A conception takes place when an ovum, or egg is
fertilized by a sperm.
Second trimester- during second trimester the fourth, fifth, and sixth months
of pregnancy the fetus grows dramatically. By the end of this period the
fetus will typically weigh nearly 2pounds and the eyebrows and lashes
appear, fine hair, called lanugo begins to cover the fetus skin.
Third trimester- during third trimester the seventh, eighth, and ninth months
of pregnancy the brain and other parts of the nervous system continue to
develop.
Problems in prenatal development
Sometimes a pregnancy ends unexpectly.
•
A miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of the pregnancy after less than 20
weeks of fetal development. The zygote, embryo, or fetus dies and is expelled
from the mothers body.
Miscarriage is increased by factors such as
-Age(women over age 35 are at the greater risk
-Previous miscarriage
-Certain disease or infections
-Exposure to hazards during pregnancy such as alcohol, drugs, smoking, heavy
caffeine.
•
•
•
Still birth happens when the fetus dies after the twentieth week of pregnancy,
the loss of pregnancy.
A birth defect is an abnormality that is present at or before birth and results in
mental or physical disability.
Premature labor and birth- is when the labor can’t be stopped and the baby is
born before the thirty-seventh week of pregnancy
Prenatal testing
ultrasound
imaging is a process that
uses sound waves to create
video and still images of
the fetus inside the uterus
Amniocentesis
is a prenatal test that
involves removing a small
amount of the amniotic
fluid that surround the
developing fetus
Chorionic villi sampling
is a prenatal test that
involves taking a sample
of cells from the
placenta.
5 signs of pregnancy
• A missed menstrual
period
• Nausea
• Breast tenderness
• Frequent urination
Weight gain during pregnancy
• During the first trimester of pregnancy, weight
gain is usually minimal, although most women
experience swelling of the breasts and
abdomen. During the second trimester
women gain more weight and the pregnancy
begin to become noticeable, Women mostly
gain 25-35 pounds or more.
Ways to deal with stress during
pregnancy
• Getting plenty of sleep each night
• Taking breaks to rest and relax throughout the
day
• Exercising regularly
• Enjoying the company of family and friends
• Making time for fun activities
Food safety during pregnancy
•
•
•
•
•
•
Raw (unpasteurized) milk and foods made from raw milk
Soft cheese (such as feta, blue,and quest Blanco)
Raw or undercooked meat, poultry, fish, or shellfish
Unpasteurized juices
Raw vegetable sprouts
Cold cuts, deli meat, and hot dogs, unless they have been reheated to
steaming hot
Avoiding prenatal health risks
• Smoking cigarettes or using other forms of tobacco is dangerous because
it limits the amount of oxygen the fetus receives
• Alcohol use during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth,
and low birth weight. It can permanently damage the fetus’s brain, leading
to serious problems called fetal alcohol disorders.
• A drug does not have to be illegal to harm a fetus. A pregnant woman
must inform her health care provider of any prescription medicines she is
taking. If a drug is not safe to take during pregnancy, the health care
provider may recommend safe substitute. A pregnant woman should
always consult her health care provider before taking any over-thecounter medication.