9 Weeks Exam Review
GOOD LUCK!
Physical Geography
 Air masses (wind) directly affect temperature.
 When air masses cross a body of water, that air
typically is colder than the water.
Physical Geography
 Global wind patterns are MOST affected by air
pressure
Cultural Geography
 North America predominant religion is
Protestantism
 Whereas the predominant religion in South America
is Catholicism
Physical Geography
 Great Lakes were formed primarily as a result of the
action of glaciers
Cultural Geography
 Quebec’s desire to be independent of Canada stems
from their French culture and language and fear of
being assimilated into Canadian culture inspired by
England
Cultural Geography
 Living in the US, which has a democracy, citizens
hold free speech as an important right
Physical and Cultural Geography
 Urbanization (major cities) is most associated with
access to water
Cultural Geography
 Globalization has led to pandemics of infectious
diseases such as smallpox, HIV/AIDS, and H1N1
virus. These infectious diseases have devastated
populations across the world
Cultural Geography
 While there have been negative effects due to
globalization, globalization has also led to an
improved standard of living
Cultural Geography
 As a result of NAFTA (North American Free Trade
Agreement) trade between MX, Canada, and the US
has increased
Cultural Geography
 Industrial growth in the US has had a variety of
negative effects such as the depletion of resources,
removal of hazardous waste and the emissions of
toxins in the air
Physical & Cultural Geography
 The adaptations of civilizations to the environment is
crucial for survival
 West Texas and Israel have successfully adapted to
their environment by using irrigation to water crops,
air conditioning, and desalination of water
Cultural Geography
 Heterogeneous, or the blending of elements, is
evident in modern America by the variety of
religions, art, food, and language all found in one
country
Cultural Geography
 The invention of the automobile has most affected
the development of suburbs in the US in the past 50
years
Physical and Cultural Geography
 Factories burning petroleum fuels like coal and
automobile exhaust are causes of chemicals mixing
with rainwater which forms acid rain
Physical Geography
 Arid conditions and water access is an important
issue between states like Texas, California, Arizona,
New Mexico and Utah (Southwest region)
Cultural Geography
 America is an example of the “melting pot”
description of many races who have come from other
country and mixed culture traits also known as
cultural convergence
Cultural and Physical Geography
 Similar characteristics of US and Canada
 Both speak English
 Similar bilingual issues
 Both members of NAFTA
 Both experienced colonization by Great Britain
Cultural Geography
 Manifest Destiny – the idea that the US should claim
and settle the land between the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans
 Use of the land for farming and settlements was
preferable to the nomadic bands of natives which
lived there
 God had selected America as a chosen land
Cultural Geography
 The push-pull factors which cause many people to
immigrate illegally along the southwestern border
with Mexico cause long lasting political and
economic problems
Physical Geography
 Climates and Regions
 Southwest – arid desert – El Paso
 Southeast – Sub tropical, rainy, mild – Atlanta
 Marine West Coast – San Francisco
 Midwest – Plains – Iowa Corn Belt
 Northeast – Humid Continental – New York
Physical Geography
 Yearly the Atlantic and Gulf coasts are hit by
hurricanes
 Geographers help save lives during a hurricane by
being able to identify and plan efficient evacuation
routes
Physical Geography
 A volcano would be part of Earth’s lithosphere
Cultural Geography
 The majority of Hispanics living in California come
from Mexico
 Spanish is widely spoken in North and South
America
Cultural Geography
 In an effort to develop public policy items are usually
presented to city government
Celebrate Freedom Week
 American Revolution
 Time period where colonists fought for freedom from England
 Grievances in the Declaration of Independence
 King had absolute power
 Taxation without representation
 Illegal search by British soldiers
 Quartering of troops
 Inability to speak freely about issues
Celebrate Freedom Week
 In response to grievances:
 3 different branches that check and balance each other
 Bill of Rights
1. RAPPS
 2. Right to bear arms
 3. No quartering of troops
 4. No illegal search or seizure
 5. Rights of the accused
 6. Right to a speedy trial
 7. Right to jury in civil cases
 8. No cruel or unusual punishment
 9. Rights not stated in the Constitution are not denied
 10. Rights not given to federal govt given to the states

Celebrate Freedom Week
 Unalienable Rights (Natural Rights)
 Rights that cannot be taken away from you
 Life, Liberty, Pursuit of Happiness
Celebrate Freedom Week
 During the Civil War the idea of EQUALITY was
questioned

One of our founding principles is “All men are created equal”
Celebrate Freedom Week
 Susan B. Anthony
 Leader for Women’s Suffrage
 Contributed to the development of the 19th
Amendment
Celebrate Freedom Week
 Without a written constitution a country by suffer
from –



Ineffective government
Unclear rights for citizens
Abuse of government
Celebrate Freedom Week
 In response to the flawed Articles of Confederation
the Constitution was created
Celebrate Freedom Week
 Great Compromise (created during the development
of the Constitution)



Small states v. Big states (based on population)
Small states supported only one representative
Big states supported representation based on population
Celebrate Freedom Week
 Popular Sovereignty – by the people for the people
 Elections would help demonstrate this idea since the people
are electing who they want to represent them
Review from first 6 weeks of school
 Must know the following
 Functional region, formal region, and perceptual region
 How Mt. Everest was created
 What is caused by the tilt of the Earth
 What are population density maps used for
 Tropic of Cancer – What is its importance
 The difference between a developing and a developed country
 Geothermal energy is found near a volcano
 Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, & Quaternary Economic
Activities
 How to read a population pyramid