Unit 4-Weather
13.1 & 13.3 A Closer Look at the Earth and Why we have
Seasons
http://youtube.com/watch?v=s76Qn7bpCsQ&feature=related
BLM 13.1A
Quick Review Question Sheet
Weather and Climate
(Q3)
 Weather… What is It?
– Day to day environmental conditions
 Examples:
– Rainy / snowy
– cloudy / sunny
– Windy / calm
 Climate
– Environmental condition averaged over many
years
 Examples:
– Average rainfall
– Average daily temperature
Weather and Climate
 Variable used to describe weather and
climate:
– Temperature
– Wind Speed and Direction
– Visibility
– Cloud cover
– Atmospheric Pressure
– Dew Point
– Humidity
Formation of Weather and Climate
Now some questions for you to think about… I’ll read the question to you
and then ask you what the first thing is you think about…
1.
2.
3.
Now that you know what weather is can you tell me if the weather is the same
here as it is in St. John? Why not?
Geographically, how is St.John different than Fredericton?
Would any of these geographical features affect the weather in that area? If so
which ones and how?
Here are the facts:
Components that influence weather and climate include:




Latitude and Longitude
Atmosphere
Oceans
Land Masses
Science 10 – Oct. 4th
 What is something you’ve always wondered
about weather?
– A saying
– How a weather phenomena works or is formed?
Influences on Weather and Climate and
Latitude/Longitude
(Q1)
 Components that influence
weather and climate include:
 Latitude and
Longitude
 Atmosphere (later)
 Oceans (later)
 Land Masses (later)
Lat & Long
Longitude (Meridians)
(Q4)
 Angle of measure east or
west of the Prime Meridian
 Imaginary vertical lines
Label on Your Map
 Prime Meridian 0o
(Greenwich, England)
 International Dateline 180o
Latitude (Parallels)
(Q5,6,7)
 Angle of measure north or south of the Equator
 Imaginary horizontal lines
Label on Your Map:
(BLM 13.1A)
 Equator 0o
 North Pole 90oN
 South Pole 90oS
 Arctic Circle 67.5oN
 Antarctic Circle 67.5oS
 Tropic of Cancer 23.5oN
 Tropic of Capricorn 23.5oS
Earth’s Rotation and Revolution
 Rotation (24 hours)
– The Earth rotates on its axis
– The axis (imaginary line) runs North to South
 23.5o angle
– One Earth rotation takes one day
 Rotate East to West
 Revolution (365 Days)
– The Earth revolves around the Sun
 The movement of one object traveling
around another
– It takes the earth one year to revolve (travel)
around the Sun counter clockwise
Any ideas as to how earth’s tilt towards or away
from the sun can effect the 4 season’s we
experience here in Canada??
Bill Nye: Seasons
 Handout: Seasons Worksheet (24 min)

https://secure.e-registernow.com/cgi-bin/portal.cgi?state=210
Reason for the Seasons
• The average tilt, 23.5o, of the Earth is the reason for the
seasons)
• As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the seasons in the
northern and southern hemispheres are opposite.
http://geovideos.fliggo.com/video/NY5Lxu6q
Earth’s Seasons
I.
Tilt of the Earth’s axis towards or away from the sun creates the seasons
When the north pole tilts toward the
sun, it gets more radiation – more warmth
during the summer
When the north pole tilts toward the
sun, the south pole tilts away
So when it’s summer in the north,
it’s winter in the south
SUMMER (Northern Hemisphere)
WINTER (Southern Hemisphere)
Earth’s Seasons
I.
Tilt of the Earth’s axis towards or away from the sun creates the seasons
When the north pole tilts away
from the sun, it gets less radiation –
So it’s colder during the winter
When the north pole tilts away from the
sun, the south pole tilts toward it…
When it’s winter in the north,
it’s summer in the south
WINTER (Northern Hemisphere)
SUMMER (Southern Hemisphere)
Reason for the Season Video: Answer
Key
1. What does the term axis mean?
A. Axis is an imaginary line that runs through the North and South
poles of the Earth. The earth spins on it at a 23.5o angle.
2. What is the angle of tilt for the earth’s axis?
A. 23.5o
3. How long does it take the earth to spin or rotate on its axis?
A. 24 hours
4. How long does it take the earth to orbit or revolve around the sun
once?
A. 365 ¼ days
5. What are those seasons?
A. Autumn, spring, winter, summer
Reason for the Season: Answer Key
6. Why is the angle of rays of sunlight so important in determining the
amount of energy collected by the earth?
A. Slanted rays spread out over a larger area therefore the heat
and energy is also spread out.
7. What does the term migration mean?
A. Animals moving from one point of the country or world to
another during certain seasons.
8. Plants are the only organisms capable of making their own food. That
food making process is called:
A. Photosynthesis
9. Plants produce more than food. One gas that plants release into the
air is used by animals. It is called:
A. Oxygen
10. What is the average distance of the earth from the Sun?
A. 93 million miles
Reason for the Season: The Earth’s Tilt
1. Why is the tilt of the earth the cause for the seasons?
A. Seasons are not connected to Earth's distance from the Sun our northern winter takes place when the Earth is actually
closest to the Sun - but due to the fact that the Earth's axis is
tilted away perpendicular to the ecliptic, winter takes place.
 The greater the angle, the less energy transferred.
Reason for the Season: The Earth’s Tilt
Q2. The North pole and South Pole each have long
periods of complete sunlight and complete darkness.
Why?
A. When the Earth is tilted away from the Sun, the North
Pole has no Sun for about 6 months. During the same
time, the South Pole is pointed toward the Sun and
receives nothing but Sun.
NEXT… What is wind? And how is it formed…
Mapping Activity
 Short Worksheet –
– Part A: students to determine latitude and
longitude of a location
– Part B: students to determine location based on
latitude and longitude.