Early Colonial Period
The Planting of English America
Chapter 2
Essential Question
• What happens when cultures collide?
Native
Americans
Africans
Europeans
Reasons for English Imperialism
1. Unification
of Spain
threatens
England
2. Population
Explosion in
England
3. Unification
of Great
Britain under
a Protestant
Queen
Queen Elizabeth I
These are
explained
in the next
slides.
Reasons for English Imperialism
4. Enclosing cropland
5. Economic depression
6. Woolen districts of
Eastern and Western
England hardest hit from
bad economy.
7. Primogeniture
These are
explained in the
next slides also.
Reasons for English Imperialism
The English conquer Ireland.
Irish soldiers
English soldiers learn to hate the
“natives” of Ireland through their
colonization of Ireland.
Reasons for English Imperialism
The tactics the English use
to subdue the Irish are
used against the Indians in
North America.
The unification of England gave the country
an opportunity to explore and conquer other
lands. Spain doesn’t like the competition.
To make matters worse, the people of Spain
and Ireland are Catholic, while England is
Protestant.
Reasons for English Imperialism
England discriminates against Puritans
because Puritans do not follow the same
version of English Protestant Christianity.
Puritans are really eager to leave.
England’s economy is suffering. The economies in
the Woolen Districts (sheep farmers) of Eastern
and Western England are hardest hit. This is where
Puritans lived. Puritans were also eager to leave
England to make more money.
England has a population explosion.
English throne doesn’t like that because
there aren’t enough jobs or farmland.
There is no more land to be bought in
England.
Reasons for English Imperialism
They were frustrated
with primogeniture.
Primogeniture means
the first-born gets the
parents’ inheritance.
These guys were
not first-born, so
how do they
make their
fortune?
They fought
against the Irish
Sir Humphrey
Gilbert
Became English pirates
attacking Spanish ships
Sir Francis Drake
Sir Walter Raleigh
after the defeat of Spain they attempted
to start English colonies in America.
Reasons for English Imperialism
The English defeat the
Spanish Armada in
1588
Totally sweet for
England because now
they can solve their
economic and social
instability at home by
colonizing the
Americas.
The First English Colony: Roanoke
(1585)
Roanoke is a total flop and everyone disappears.
If you find out what happened to the colony of
Roanoke you’ll totally have a million Facebook
friends.
Sir Walter Raleigh establishes the
colony of Roanoke.
The First Successful English Colony:
Jamestown (1607)
John Smith
becomes the
leader.
The Charter of the Virginia Company is significant because it
spelled out the rights of the colonists at Jamestown. It said the
colonists were guaranteed the same rights as Englishmen at
home. Ironically, this idea helps cause the Revolutionary War!
A private company,
the Virginia
Company, funded
the colony (a jointstock company).
The First Successful English Colony:
Jamestown (1607) Burn the villages,
That is, if you consider
torch the cornfields,
and kill women and
children
starvation and death by Indian
attacks successful.
John Smith saves the
colony from starvation by
making everyone work
for food.
No one wanted to farm
because they were too busy
looking for gold!
Lord De La Warr uses
“Irish tactics” to kill the
Indians.
John Rolfe, a Jamestown colonist,
married Pocahontas and created
peace with the Powhatan tribe. He
also made tobacco profitable.
Don’t Believe the Disney Movie!
Captain John Smith
didn’t‘ get with
Pocahontas.
John Rolfe marries
Pocahontas
Pocahontas and son, Thomas
Rolfe (one of the first interracial
English kids in America).
Anglo-Powhatan War of 1622
At first, the Powhatans try to use the English as
allies against rival tribes.
But, starving colonists steal food and land from
the Indians and De La Warr ticks off the Indians
with his “Irish tactics.”
Also, Pocahontas died and disease was taking a
toll on the tribes.
TIME FOR WAR!!
John Rolfe dies when
the Powhatan wage war
against Jamestown.
Pocahontas died in
England from disease a
few years earlier.
The Second Anglo-Powhatan War
In1644
The Powhatan are
devastated by this war.
They were forced to
move away from the
white settlements in the
Chesapeake area.
This is the beginning of
what is later called the
reservation system.
The 3 D’s
Disease, disorganization, and disposability prevented
the Indians from winning against the whites.
Indian Relations with Whites
Iroquois
Cherokee and
Creeks
The only remaining
powerful tribes in
the Appalachian
Mountain area
were the Creeks,
Cherokees, and
Iroquois.
Indian Relations With Whites
You stay over
Appalachian
there and we’ll
Mountains
stay over here –
cool?
Algonquian
The Indian peoples who most
successfully adapted to the
European conquests were the
tribes who lived on the other
side of the Appalachian
Mountains.
The Appalachians served as a
buffer or “middle ground.”
• Horses caused Indian migration to the Great Plains.
• Disease and forced migration scrambled together
different tribes.
• Indian demand for rifles increased Indian
competition of hunting grounds in order to trade
skins and pelts for guns (Indian-on-Indian violence).
The Algonquians became really
powerful because few whites
could get to them and they
absorbed fleeing tribes.
France
Maryland was
intended to secure
religious freedom for
Catholics and
Protestants (called
the Act of Toleration).
Georgia was
supposed to
serve as a buffer
zone between
Spain and South
Carolina.
Georgia colony
wanted to help
the poor by
abolishing
debtors prisons
and banned
slavery.
Puny
English
territory
Spain
Virginia had the first
representative
government, called
the House of
Burgesses
Portugal
South Carolina provided
food (rice) for the West
Indies as well as Indian
slaves. Slavery in
America starts here.
England is late to the
colonization game.
The struggling English colonies
are stuck between a mighty
Spanish empire to the South
and West and French territory
to the North.
Even Portugal has way more
territory.
Poor whites from
Virginia and religious
dissenters established
North Carolina.
Slavery
• 1619: the first Africans to North America
arrive at Jamestown; courtesy of the Dutch.
• Were they slaves or indentured servants? Not
sure. Slavery is not established in Virginia yet.
Plenty of labor from England is available.
• The West Indies is where there’s slavery
action.
The West Indies
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sugar cane required
lots of labor (can you
say slavery?).
Slaves outnumbered
whites 4 to 1 by 1700!
Barbados Slave Codes
were created to
protect fearful whites
Many whites moved to
Carolina (South
Carolina) in 1670
because there was no
more land
Whites brought their
slaves and the slave
codes with them (hello
slavery in America).
Sugar is
made here.
A staging area for the slave system
The Early Emergence of an American
Identity
• Quiz yourself!
• Can you think of at least 5 events that caused
the beginnings of a unique American identity
as a result of cultures colliding?
• Some answers are on the next slide. Before
you look, think about what you saw on the
previous slides.
The Early Emergence of an American
Identity
1. Indian-white hostilities caused Natives to be removed
from their lands. Whites and Indians lived separately.
2. Poor people seeking freedom from debt and/or to create
a successful life on their own came to America
3. People seeking religious freedom established colonies
4. The West Indies and the encomiendas created a slave
system that migrated to America
5. The colonists made their own laws in the House of
Burgesses in Virginia
6. Salutary Neglect: England allowed the colonies to do their
own thing.
1.
Especially while civil wars were occurring in England (heads
were rolling in the palace).
Primary Documents to Explore in Class
1.
2.
3.
4.
The starving time in Jamestown
Governor William Berkeley Reports
The Great Indian Uprising
A West Indian Planter Reflects on Slavery in
Barbados
5. A Missionary Denounces the Treatment of
the Indians in South Carolina
6. Religious Strife in Maryland