Review
The Urinary System
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Name the three main functions of the urinary system?
Excretion, secretion, elimination
The first process in the formation of urine is?
Filtration
The term meaning the emptying of urine from the bladder?
Elimination
The major work of the urinary system is performed by two organs called?
The kidneys
This is a tube and is for removal of fluids including semen from the body?
Urethra
These are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys
to the urinary bladder?
Ureters
This is an organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys?
Bladder
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What kidney sits slightly higher then the other?
Left
The outer layer of the kidney is called?
Cortex
The inner layer of the kidney is called?
Medulla
These are the microscopic units of the kidneys, each kidney has
over 1 million of these?
Nephrons
This is where the urine collects before entering the ureters?
The renal pelvis of the kidney
About how much urine is eliminated each day(normal adult)?
800 to 2000 ml/day
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• Name some chemicals that we reabsorb by the by
the way of the nephrons into the bloodstream?
• Glucose, vitamins and salts
• What chemical spills over into the urine when a
patient has diabetes?
• Glucose spills into the expelled urine
• Name the medical term for this?
• Spilling over the threshold
Review
• The medical term for low output of urine?
• Oliguria
• This is contraction and relaxation of muscles that move the
urine down the ureters to enter the posterior wall of the
bladder?
• Peristalsis
• Name the differences in the female and male urethra?
• In the female, it is a straight tube about 1 ½ inches in
length, in the male, the urethra, is about 8 inches
• This is a process for removing waste and excess water from
the blood, and is used primarily to provide an artificial
replacement for lost kidney function in people
with renal(kidney) failure?
• Dialysis
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• This needs to be done for a patient with endstage renal disease(last resort)?
• Kidney Transplant
• This test is used for kidney function, the patient
collects all urinary output, from a specified hour
one day until the same time the next day?
• 24 hour urine test
• This is a noninvasive procedure used to assess the
size, shape, and location of the kidneys?
• Renal ultrasound
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• This is a invasive special xray for the examination
of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters, involves an
inject with iodine-based contrast (dye) into a vein
in the arm?
• Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
• This is a minimally invasive test that uses a special
x-ray technology called fluoroscopy to visualize
your child's urinary tract and bladder, for the
diagnosis of urinary reflux?
• Voiding cystourethrogram(VCUG)
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• This is the medical term for inflammation of the
bladder?
• Cystitis
• What is the main cause for cystitis?
• Bacterial infection, escherichia coli(e-coli)
• This is an inflammation of the glomerulus of the
nephron?
• Glomerulonephritis
• This is the medical term for an uncontrollable loss of
urine?
• Incontinence
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• This is an inherited disorder, this affects the kidney with
grapelike clusters of fluid filled cysts the replace normal
renal tissue of the kidneys?
• Polycystic disease
• This is the medical term for the most common kidney
infection, this is caused by bacteria typically spread from
the bladder up the ureters and into the kidneys?
• Pyelonephritis
• This is the medical term for kidney stones?
• Renal Calculi
• This is a critical illness that results in the sudden cessation
of the kidney function?
• Renal failure