AP Human Geography Week #5
Fall 2015
AP Human Geography 10/5/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine population growth.
APHugII-B.1&2
• Language Objective: Write about population.
• I. Journal#10pt.A
-Watch the following:
-Hans Rosling and the magic washing machine
• II. Journal#10pt.B
-notes on population growth
• III. Homework: Read p.50-57
Rev. Thomas Malthus
1766-1834
• In 1798 he published An
Essay on the Principle of
Population
• Malthus was the first to
sound the alarm that the
world’s population was
expanding more rapidly
than food production.
• He was the first to
recognize exponential or
geometric population
growth.
• Today those who share his
concerns are NeoMalthusians
Second Agricultural Revolution and
Industrial Revolution
• 18th century gains in agricultural production:
– Crop yields improved with better farming methods
– New crops such as potatoes, turnips and alfalfa
– Storage and distribution improved which alleviated
famines and shortages.
• Industrial Revolution was also a factor:
– Improved sanitation
– Improved medical care
– Disease prevention such as smallpox vaccine
• Demographic cycles of population growth
– Stage 1 High Stationary Growth with high birth rates 40/1000 or
higher and high death rates.
– Stage 2 Early Expanding with high birth rates and declining
death rates (birth 40s/death 20/1000) = rapid growth in pop.
– Stage 3 Late Expanding with declining birth rates (30s) and low
death rates (10) = still significant growth
– Stage 4 Low Stationary has low birth rates and low death rates
(birth 15 and death 10 or lower) SPL Stationary Population Level
The Demographic Transition
Population Data
• Before 1750 Death rates were 35 and Birth
rates were 39 per 1,000 a rate of increase of
.4% or a doubling time of 150 years.
• By 1850 Death rates were 16 and Birth rates
were 36 with a rate of increase of 2% and a
doubling time of 35 years.
Important terms
• Natural increase rate (NIR)-the % by which a population grows
in a year. Computed by subtracting the % of CBR-CDR.
• Total Fertility Rate (TFR)-the number of children born to
women of childbearing age-usually reported as a percentage.
• Dependency ratio-the number of people who are too young or too
old to work compared to the number of people old enough to
work.
Crude Death Rates
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 2.1 to 2.5 children per
woman is considered “replacement level.”
• Maternal mortality ratio is
the greatest health disparity
between the developed and
developing countries.
• The World Health
Organization reports that
600,000 women die each
year from complications of
pregnancy.
• Social, cultural and
economic barriers prevent
women in the developing
countries from receiving
proper health care.
Homework Tonight
• Read p.50-57
AP Human Geography 10/6/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine population pyramids.
APHugII-B.3
• Language objective: Write about population pyramids.
• I. Journal#11pt.A
-Watch the following
-Hans Rosling: The good news of the decade?
• II. Journal#11pt.B
-notes on population growth
• Homework: Read p.57-62
• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 12th
Population Pyramids –
Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the
total population, divided by gender.
For poorer countries, the chart is shaped like a pyramid.
Infant mortality rates are high, life expectancy is shorter.
• Population Pyramidsdisplay a country’s
population in a bar graph
form.
• Each 5 year group with the
youngest 0-4 years old at
the base of the pyramid are
called cohorts.
• Males are shown on the left
side and females are shown
on the right.
• A wide-based pyramid
indicates a country in Stage
2 of the Demographic
transition.
Population Pyramids
Charts that show the percentages of each age group in the
total population, divided by gender.
For wealthier countries, the chart is shaped like a
lopsided vase. Population is aging, TFRs are declining.
United States 2010
http://tfw.cachefly.net/snm/images/nm/pyramids/us-2010.png
• Four Patterns of Population Structure
• Each nation faces different problems due to a large
base with many young or negative growth.
U.S. Baby Boom
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/B/BabyBoom75.gif
Russia’s Population
http://yanziyang.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/rs-2010.png
Russia’s Population
http://www.stat.fi/tup/suomi90/joulukuu_en_001.jpg
In poorer countries, Infant Mortality Rates
are usually high, which is reflected in the
pyramid shape.
In poorer countries, Life Expectancy is
usually shorter, which is also reflected in the
pyramid shape.
Affect of AIDS on
population pyramid for
South Africa.
Predicted population for
2035, without and with
AIDS.
With AIDS, looks like a
population “chimney.”
AIDS is leaving large numbers of AIDS orphans.
• 1995 Population Pyramids reflect the economic prosperity
of Western Europe and the less developed countries of
Sub-Saharan Africa. In the mid-1990s almost 50% of
Africa’s population was under 15 years of age.
• By contrast the number of people 65 and older in Western
Europe is 5 times that of sub-Saharan Africa.
Age Structure of a Population
• The populations of many countries are aging.
- eg. Europe
- eg. Japan
Bordeaux,
France
U.N. Millennium Goals
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
Homework Tonight
• Read p.57-62
• Begin Ch#2 Review
AP Human Geography 10/7/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Examine population policies. APHugIIB.2,3&5
• Language objective: Write about population.
• I. Journal#12 pt.A
-Watch the following:
-Frontline: Opium Brides
• II. Quiz#7
• III. Journal#12 pt.B
-notes on population policies
• Homework: Read p.63-70
• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 12th!
U.N. Millennium Goals
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
Population Policies
• Under Mao, China refused to
cooperate in pop. Controlviewed it as a “capitalist plot”
• Soviets in 1970s promoted
population growth due to the
loss of 26 million in WWII,
Stalin exterminated another
30 million farmers, political
opponents, etc.-gave awards
for women with 10 or more
kids.
• US Reagan, a conservative,
refused to support family
planning
Population Policies
• Expansive Policies or ProNatalist policies encourage
large families e.g. Fascist
Italy, Nazi Germany, Soviet
Union & Ceausescu’s
Romania & Mao’s China.
• Eugenic Population
Policy-Nazi Germany
favored “Aryans” over
mentally ill or other
undesirables.
• The Nazis tried to breed the
super race of Nordic or
Aryan types.
Population Policies
• Restrictive or Anti-Natalist
Policies discourage births.
• Policies vary- e.g. despite
Vatican policies, most Catholic
Italians practice artificial birth
control-Philippines (only Asian
Catholic country) a different
case-govt. restricts birth
control.
• Some countries have learned
that industrialization &
urbanization do as much as
government policy in
controlling births.
Geography of Demography
• Mao Zedong encouraged
population growth-after his death
Deng Xiaoping called for control.
• 1979 launched the One Child
Policy with goal of stabilizing at
1.2 billion by end of 20th cent.
• 1970s growth rate 2.4%
• 1985 growth rate 1.1%
• After 1982 more serious
enforcement-mandatory
contraception after 1st child.
• If a 2nd child was born-parents
were sterilized.
China’s One Child Policy
What are some of the limitations, unintended consequences, and
contradictions found in government policies toward population
growth?
Geography of Demography
• Recognized minorities (3%)
of pop. were exempt
• Many rural Chinese defied
rule, hid pregnant women,
failed to register births,
prevented inspectors from
visiting rural villages.
• Government took drastic
action:
–
–
–
–
Violators were fired
Land was confiscated
Lost all benefits
Pregnant women were arrested
& forced to have abortions
Geography of Demography
• First 6 years 70 million
abortions
• 1980s about 20 million
sterilizations a year-3X as
many women as men.
• Party Members were birth
control police-got cash and
promotion for enforcing the
laws.
• 1984 One Child Policy was
relaxed in the countryside-a
couple with a daughter-2nd
child after 4 years.
Geography of Demography
• Corruption a major problempermitted to evade rule-bribe.
• Fertility rates are rising as the
rules are relaxed.
• One Child Policy was practicalbut rural tradition opposed the
rule.
• Drive for Zero Population
Growth eroded the traditions of
Chinese society.
• Female infanticide a common
occurrence.
Bottom Chinese woman recently released from jail for
having 2nd child
Homework Tonight
• Read p.63-70
• Continue working on
Ch#2 Review
AP Human Geography 10/8/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Continue examination of population
policies. APHugII-B.5
• Language Objective: Write about population policy.
• I. Journal#13 pt.A
-Read the following:
-What's Driving the Decline in U.S. Population growth?
• II. Journal#13 pt.B
-notes on population policies
• Homework: Finish reading Chapter#2
• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday!
When Tests Are Out
• 1.) No Phones
• 2.) No Phones
• 3.) If your phone is
out, you will get
negative 100
points on the test!
Population Growth Rate 2013
Geography of Demography
• China’s One-Child Policy created
a generation of 90 million
• 119 boys for every 100 girls
• 30 million unmarried men by 2020
• 45% of Chinese women said they
don’t intend to wed.
• 3/10 families have grandparents
living with them
• Biggest demographic revolution in
history-Number of Elderly is
rising-by 2050 about 30% of the
population will be over 60-no
pensions or social security.
Fun Facts
• Beijing also enforces a 1 dog per family
rule-must be less than 14 inches tall.
• China’s only children will have to support
two parents and perhaps 4 grandparents.
Population of
Germany, 1989
• Attendants or “pushers” on
the Japan Train system.
• Despite having a declining
population, Japan has a
very high population
density.
Singapore skyline and harbor
• Japan has a problem of an
aging population & low
birth rates.
• Japanese govt. bars
immigration of foreign
workers-solution
automation-but it won’t
solve the problem of an
aging population.
• Singapore imposed a
campaign of sterilization &
abortion to curb growth-it
worked.
Low Growth in Denmark
Since the 1970s, with little population growth since then. Its
population pyramid shows increasing numbers of elderly and
few children.
Top 10 Leading Causes of Death
in America - 2007 (2010)
1.) Heart Disease 616,067 (25.4%)
2.) Cancer 562,875 (23.2%)
3.) Stroke 135,952 (5.6%)
4.) Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases (Lung Diseases)
127,924 (5.3%)
5.) Accidents 123,706 (5.1%)
6.) Alzheimer's Disease 74,632 (3.1%)
7.) Diabetes 71,382 (2.9%)
8.) Influenza and Pneumonia 52,717 (2.2%)
9.) Kidney Disease 46,448 (1.9 percent)
10.) Septicemia (infection of the blood) 34,828 (1.4
percent)
http://www.howtolivealongerlife.com/2009/07/leading-causes-of-death-in-us.html
Population Pyramid of US Baby Boomers, 1960-2040
• Pyramids can be based
on current, past or future
projections.
• Note the progression of
the baby boomer cohorts
as they age.
• Note that the pyramid
becomes a column by
the year 2040 as birth
rates remain below death
rates for each cohort.
• Note also the significant
number of women
compared to men in the
oldest age groups
Homework Tonight
• Finish Reading
Chapter#2.
• Study for Ch#2 Test on
Monday October 12th
AP Human Geography 10/9/15
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Complete examination of population
policies. APHugII-A.3&4 C.1.
• Language Objective: Write about population.
• I. Watch the following:
-Hans Rosling Brings Life, Humor, Sword-Swallowing to
Global Health Statistics
• II. Quiz#8
• III. FRQ Day#4
-2013#2
• Homework: Study for the Ch#2 Test
• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday!
Homework Tonight
• Complete Ch#2 Review.
• Study for Ch#2 Test on
Monday October 6th
AP Human Geography 10/3/14
http://mrmilewski.com
• OBJECTIVE: Review concepts in the second half of
Chapter#2. APHugII-A,B,&C.
• Language Objective: Write about Pakistan.
• I. Administrative Stuff
-Attendance.
• II. Quiz#8
• III. Film: Frontline
-Outlawed in Pakistan
• NOTICE: Chapter#2 Test Monday October 6th!
Homework Tonight
• Study for Ch#2 Test on
Monday October 6th