Motivation and Emotion

• Journal prompt: Anticipatory drooling
• Maslow’s hierarchy
• Hunger Research: Group activity

• 1.1 Explain biologically based theories of motivation
• 1.2 Explain cognitively based theories of motivation
You are traveling and have not eaten anything in eight hours.
As your long awaited favorite dish is placed in front of you, your mouth waters. Even imagining this may set your mouth watering. What triggers this anticipatory drooling?
Image source: http://noypirecipe.blogspot.com/2011/05/pinoy-chickenfried-steak.html

Self-actualization needs
Need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential
Esteem needs
Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others
Belongingness and love needs
Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation
Safety needs
Need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable
Physiological needs
Need to satisfy hunger and thirst p. 447
 begins at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied
 then higher-level safety needs become active
 then psychological needs become active

• Journal prompt: Set point
• Finish group activity on hunger
• Discovering psychology video: Motivation
• Next class: February 23, 2015 Sexual motivation
• Next quiz: February 25, 2015
– Theories of emotion pages 497-507
• Next test: March 6, 2015
– Chapter 11: Motivation and Work
– Chapter 12: Emotions and Stress

Motivation 2.1 Students are able to discuss eating behavior.
p. 459 a) According to
Bray’s experiment, why does reducing your food intake by 3500 calories not reduce your weight by a pound? b) What did Levine and his colleagues find about individual differences in metabolism when they overfed volunteers?

• 2.2 Students are able to discuss sexual behavior and orientation. p. 469-470
What factors are correlated with teen pregnancy?
What do you think would be an effective strategy for reducing teen pregnancy?

• Journal prompt: Affiliation needs
• Notes on Motivation
• Psych Sim HOMEWORK: Emotions; Fat Rat,
Catching a Liar

2.4 Discuss other ways in which humans and non-human animals are motivated.
• P. 478-481
Prompt:
1. What area of our brain has increased activity in response to the pain of ostracism?
2. How might the a) evolutionary perspective, b) drive-reduction theory, and c) arousal theory explain our affiliation needs ?

Four perspectives used to explain motivation include the following:
1. Instinct Theory (replaced by the evolutionary perspective)
2. Drive-Reduction Theory
3. Arousal Theory
4. Hierarchy of Motives
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 Drive-Reduction Theory
 the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Need
(e.g., for food, water)
Drive
(hunger, thirst)
Drive-reducing behaviors
(eating, drinking)

Human motivation aims to seek optimum levels of arousal, not to eliminate it. Young monkeys and children are known to explore the environment in the absence of a need-based drive.
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• Journal prompt: The brain’s shortcut for emotions
• Journal sheets
• Theories of Emotion Notes from power point.

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#4

• 1.1 Explain the biological and cognitive components of emotion p. 506 What is the brains shortcut for emotions?
While on a hike through the woods, you jump in fear at the sound of rustling brushes. When you realize it was just the wind, you chuckle at your fear.
How would Lazarus’ theory about dual processing dual processing of emotions explain your emotional reactions?

Physical responses, like finger temperature and movement of facial muscles, change during fear, rage, and joy.
The amygdala shows differences in activation during the emotions of anger and rage. Activity of the left hemisphere (happy) is different from the right
(depressed) for emotions.
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• Journal prompt: Stress
• Notes
– Chapter 11 hunger
– Chapter 12 stress

• 1.3 Explain physiological and psychological consequences for health.
Journal prompts:
1) P. 532 What health conditions are “Type
A” personalities more prone to suffer?
2) P. 535 Why are people with the highest life stress scores the most vulnerable to the cold virus?