***If lost and found please return to Mrs. Ramos - Room B107*** Name:_________________________________ Due Date: ________________ Period:_____ th 7 grade Science booklet Unit 4: Atoms Complete this table before starting the booklet: Unit Objectives Know Maybe No idea Define an atom and describe its structure. Recognize that atoms are too small to see Describe the limitations of using models to represent atoms. Relate atoms to molecules. Investigate how our knowledge of the structure of the atom has developed over time. Use a periodic table to determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in a particular element. Instructions: Bring your booklet to class EVERYDAY!!! Keep booklet neat, clean, and wrinkled-free. If the teacher considers it too sloppy or dirty you may be asked to redo the whole thing. If I can’t read it, I can’t grade it! Do not lose this booklet. If you do, you will have to redo it. ***If lost and found please return to Mrs. Ramos - Room B107*** AGENDA & You need an entry for every day – EVEN IF YOU WERE ABSENT BELLRINGER (30 pts. total) DATE: AGENDA: HOMEWORK: BELL RINGER: (WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER) Q: A: DATE: AGENDA: HOMEWORK: BELL RINGER: (WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER) Q: A: DATE: AGENDA: HOMEWORK: BELL RINGER: (WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER) Q: A: DATE: AGENDA: HOMEWORK: BELL RINGER: (WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER) Q: A: DATE: AGENDA: HOMEWORK: BELL RINGER: (WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWER) Q: A: Bill Nye: “Atoms” Video Answer the following questions as you watch the video on atoms. Questions are in the order they are answered in the video. 1. What is the stuff everything is made up of? 2. What would happen if you tried to cut something in half forever? 3. The very smallest part of matter, the “uncuttable” part is known as an _________. 4. Name the three subatomic particles that make up an atom. 5. What is most of an atom made up of? 6. How many atoms would fit on the head of a pin? 7. Explain the letter and words analogy for atoms and molecules. 8. All ________________ is made of ________________ and ______________. 9. What makes one kind of atom different from another? 10.Which atom is in all living things? Structure of an Atom p.206 1. Is the following sentence true or false? Atoms are the smallest particles of matter.________ 2. Label the parts of the atom in the diagram below. 3. Tell why an atom is neutral.____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. True or false? Most of an atom's volume is the space in which electrons move___________. 5. What are the 2 parts of an atom make up almost all the mass of an atom? ___________________________________________________________________ 6. An element can be identified by the number of ______________ in the nucleus of its atom. Matching Modeling Atoms 15. Circle the letter of each example of a model used in science. There is more than 1 answer. a. a diagram b. a mental picture c. a mathematical statement d. an object 16. Give two reasons why scientists create models to study atom. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Atoms Lab In this lab you will try to create life sized models of atoms. Construct your model by cutting a 28 centimeter strip of paper in half as many times as you can. If you can cut the strip of paper in half 31 times you will end up with a piece of paper the size of an atom. Is there anything smaller? Yes, the size of an atom nucleus would take about 41 cuts! Materials : 1 strip of paper 28 cm long 1 pair of scissors Tape Procedure: 1. Take your strip of paper and cut it into equal halves. You can’t turn the paper. You will always cut in the same direction. 2. Cut ONE of the remaining pieces of paper into equal halves. 3. Continue to cut the strip into equal halves as many times as you can. Again, only cut in one direction. You should end up with a thin rectangle!!! 4. Tape your final piece onto this paper. Final Piece Tape final piece here How far did you get? Here are some comparisons to think about! Cut 1 = 14.0 cm = 5.5" = Child's hand, pockets Cut 2 = 7.0 cm = 2.75" = Fingers, ears, toes Cut 3 = 3.5 cm = 1.38" = Watch, mushroom, eye Cut 4 = 1.75 cm = .69" = Keyboard keys, rings, insects Cut 6 = .44 cm = .17" = Poppy seeds Cut 8 = 1 mm = .04" = Thread. Congratulations if you’re still in! Cut 12 = .06 mm = .002" = Microscopic range, human hair Cut 14 = .015 mm = .006" = Width of paper, microchip components Cut 18 = 1 micron = .0004" = Water purification openings, bacteria Cut 24 = .015 micron = .0000006" = Electron microscope range, membranes Cut 31 = .0001 micron = .0000000045" = The size of an Atom! Analysis and Conclusions 1. How many cuts were you able to do? _______ What was the highest number of cuts in the class?______________ 2. How could you have made even smaller cuts? ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Could we ever cut something in half so much that it would just disappear? Why or why not?_______________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Atoms are so small that if you lined 50,000,000 (50 million) of them up in a row, they would reach about a centimeter. How many atoms would you have to line in a row to reach across your hand (10 cm)? Show your work. _____________________________________ Matter, Atoms, and Molecules Notes Matter The term matter describes all of the ______________________ substances around us: your table, your body, a pencil, water, and so forth Matter= Anything that has ____________ and takes up ____________ (has ____________) Made up of different kinds of _____________________ Includes all things that can be ________________, tasted, _________________, or touched Does not include _________________, sound, or ___________________. (forms of energy) Matter generally exists in three different forms: _______________________, _____________________and ____________________________ (there are two others) Elements: What is Matter made of? All matter is made up from substances called ___________________________. o There are _________ naturally occurring and another 20 or so made in a ______________ setting An element is a _____________ __________________________ that cannot be _______________ down into another substance. (ex. Carbon, nitrogen) o An element can be ________ atom or __________ atoms of the same kind Ex. One gold atom or a lump of gold is an ______________________ Matter is made of __________________ Atoms Can we see atoms? The atom is _______________________________________ to been seen. ________________________ do not accurately represent what the atom looks like. There is too much _____________________________ to show an accurate atom model. Atomic Structure Nucleus o Protons (+) Outside Nucleus o Electrons (-) o Neutrons (0) Atoms vs. Molecules Atoms of most elements have the ability to ______________________ with other atoms Molecules= two or more _____________ held together by a chemical ______________. o Examples: ______________________________ The ATOMS FAMILY Use the information in the story to fill out The Atoms Family Album. In the center of Matterville, there is a place called the Nucleus Arcade, where two members of the Atoms Family like to hang out. Perky Patty Proton, like her sisters, is quite large with a huge smile and eyes that sparkle (+). Patty is always happy and has a very positive personality. Nerdy Nelda Neutron is large like Patty, but she has a boring, flat mouth and eyes with zero expression (o). Her family is very apathetic and neutral about everything. Patty, Nelda, and their sisters spend all their time at the arcade. Around the Nucleus Arcade, you will find a series of roadways that are used by another member of the Atoms Family, Enraged Elliott Electron. Elliott races madly around the Arcade on his bright red chrome-plated Harley-Davidson. He rides so fast that no one can be sure where he is at any time. Elliott is much smaller than Patty and Nelda and he is always angry because these bigger relatives will not let him in the Arcade. He has a frown on his face, eyes that are squinted with anger (-), and a very negative attitude. The Nucleus arcade is surrounded energy streets where the Electron brothers ride. The first energy street can hold only two Electron brothers. The second energy street, called the Energy Freeway, can hold 8 electrons. The third energy street, called the Energy Superhighway, can hold 18 of the electron brothers. The Mood of Matterville is stable as long as each negative Electron brother is balanced out by one positive Proton sister. The number of residents in Matterville depends on the Proton and Neutron families. Continue on next page 1. Complete the map of Matterville below by naming the places from the story on the lines provided. 2. Describe the mood of Matterville below by filling the blanks. THE MOOD OF MATTERVILLE The mood of Matterville is neutral as long as it has the __________ number of _______________ (+) and ______________ (-). Reading the periodic table ` DON’T FORGET TO ROUND THE ATOMIC MASS Protons= _________________________________ Electrons = _________________________________ Neutrons= __________________________ - ______________________________ Example: periodic table Practice Use the Periodic Table in your planners to fill out the boxes on this page A#____________ A#____________ A#____________ Li H Ne Name:_________________ Name:________________ Name:________________ A. mass:_____________ A. mass:_____________ A. mass:_____________ P=_____ E=_____ N=_____ P=____ E=____ N=_____ P=____ E=____ N=_____ A#____________ A#____________ A#____________ He C P Name:________________ Name:________________ Name:________________ A. mass:_____________ A. mass:_____________ A. mass:_____________ P=____ E=____ N=_____ P=____ E=____ N=_____ P=____ E=____ N=_____ A#____________ A#____________ A#____________ S Mg B Name:________________ Name:________________ Name:________________ A. mass:_____________ A. mass:_____________ A. mass:_____________ P=____ E=____ N=_____ P=____ E=____ N=_____ P=____ E=____ N=_____ Use the information on the page before to draw picture of your atom. The first one is already done for you. Lithium Hydrogen Neon Helium Carbon Phosphorus Sulfur Magnesium Boron Mystery Atom Model Instructions: 1. Your teacher will assign you and your partner a number of protons. My number is ______. 2. Look at a periodic table. a. What element were you assigned? ________________________ b. How many electrons are in your atom? ______________ How do you know?____________________________________________________________ c. How many neutrons are in your atom? _____ Show your work: _______________ 3. Draw your atom in the space below. Use the picture as a guide. On your drawing, label all your protons as p and neutrons as n. Remember how many electrons fit in each level!!! 4. When done with your drawing, show your teacher and get a stamp for your drawing. 5. Your teacher will give you a paper for your bead model. Now go to the bead station. a. Look at the big beads. Choose one color for your protons and one color for your neutrons. Take the appropriate number of each for your atom. b. Look at the small beads. These will be your electrons. Choose the appropriate number. 6. Write the name of your mystery atom at the top of the “My Mystery Atom is” paper. Then glue your beads according to your drawing. 7. Show your bead atom to your teacher. a. Accurately and neatly placed the protons ________ / 5 pts Total Score: b. Accurately and neatly placed the neutrons _______ / 5 pts c. Accurately and neatly placed the electrons _______ / 5 pts ______ d. Did not use excessive glue on your page __________/ 5 pts 25 e. Accurate drawing. (stamp) _________ / 5 pts DRAW A REPRESENTATION OF YOUR ATOM HERE. Your Atoms should look something like this! Stamp: Making Molecules In this activity you will make models of some common types of molecules. Procedure: 1. Make a key for the color of each type of atom you will use. Color the circle next to the atom to show what color you will use: COLORING KEY: (Na) Sodium (C) Carbon (S) Sulfur (Mg) Magnesium (Cl) Chlorine (O) Oxygen (H) Hydrogen 2. READ THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION: The letters in front of the atoms is a symbol that is used to stand for it. They are used to describe what atoms are in a molecule and a number behind them tells how many of each atom is in a molecule. The formula H20 shows that water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom. It would be modeled like this: WATER H20 Color water molecule according to your key above! H H O 3. DRAW the molecules on the table below using the example above. a. MAKE circles (using a coin) for the atoms of each of the molecules listed below. b. WRITE the letter or letters of the symbol for each of the atoms in the molecule. c. COLOR each atom the correct color according to the key above. Sodium Chloride (salt) NaCl Carbon dioxide CO2 Chlorine gas Cl2 Sulfur dioxide SO2 O2 Ozone O3 Oxygen Hydrochloric acid HCl Magnesium chloride MgCl2 Analysis Questions: 1. Which is larger, an atom or a molecule?___________________________ How do you know?_______________________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the structure of a molecule (what is it made of and how is it held together). Look in your notes!__________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Look at your drawing of Oxygen and Ozone. a. How are oxygen and ozone alike?____________________________________________ b. How are oxygen and ozone different?_________________________________________ 5. How many atoms are in each of the molecules? a) NaCl = _______ c) O3 = _______ e) CO2 = _______ g) O2 = _______ b) Cl2 = _______ d) HCl =_______ f) SO2 = _______ h) MgCl2 = ____ 6. Salt (NaCl) is made of sodium, a gray metal, and chlorine, a yellow gas. What can you conclude about what happens to atoms when they form molecules?_____________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 7. An ice cube consists of molecules of water (H2O). Could you continue, forever, to break an ice cube into smaller and smaller pieces of ice? Explain your answer. ____________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ History of the Atomic Theory Atomic Models Models are often used for things that are too small or too large to be observed or that are too difficult to be understood easily In the case of atoms, scientists use large models to explain something that is very small Models of the atom were used to explain data or facts that were gathered experimentally. John Dalton The “Solid Sphere” Model All elements are composed of “uncuttable” particles. Atoms of the same element are the same Atoms of different elements are different. Early Models of the Atom Democritus and the Greeks Universe was made of empty space and tiny bits of stuff Called these tiny bits of stuff atomos Atoms could not be divided J. Joseph Thomson “Plum pudding” model “Solid Sphere” Model Atom made of a positively charged material with the negatively charged electrons scattered through it. Ernest Rutherford The “Planetary” Model Niels Bohr Borh or “Orbital” Model “Planetary” Model Mostly empty space Small, positive nucleus Contained protons Negative electrons scattered around the outside James Chadwick Discovered the neutron Electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus like the planets of the solar system. Werner Heisenberg The “Electron Cloud” Model Electrons travel around the nucleus in orbits. Cannot know where electrons will be at any given moment. Electrons travel so fast, they appear to form a “cloud” around the nucleus. History of the Atomic THeory Use the slides on the previous two pages to complete the information below. 1. The “Solid Sphere” Model Picture (Draw and Label) 2. The “Plum Pudding” Model Picture (Draw and Label) 3. The “Planetary” Model Picture (Draw and Label) Scientist:______________________________ Description (Explain model) Pros (what was correct) Cons (what was missing) Scientist:______________________________ Description (Explain model) Pros (what was correct) Cons (what was missing) Scientist:______________________________ Description (Explain model) Pros (what was correct) Cons (what was missing) 4. The “Orbital” Model Picture (Draw and Label) 5. The “Electron Cloud” Model Picture (Draw and Label) Scientist:______________________________ Description (Explain model) Pros (what was correct) Cons (what was missing) Scientist:______________________________ Description (Explain model) Pros (what was correct) Cons (what was missing) Analysis Questions: 1. From Democritus to Heisenberg there are several centuries in between. Did each scientist start from scratch when developing their model? _____________ Why or why not? Explain. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Give one example of how one model built upon a previous one. ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Could the model of the atom change in the future? ______________ Why or why not? _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ The Magic Square Directions: Each clue has a number and is a description of something we have learned. Look at the first clue and find its matching word in one of the boxes below. Put the clue’s number on the line below the matching word. Do this for all the clues. TWO CLUES ARE NOT USED! Clues: 1. The paths in which electrons circle the nucleus according to the Bohr model.(This is one you don’t use!) 2. Greek philosopher that said that the universe is made of tiny bits of undividable stuff called “atomos”. 3. Represented by a symbol; all are found on the Periodic Table 4. Made of more than one atom bonded together. 5. The positive particle in the nucleus of an atom 6. The tiny positive core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons 7. Developed the “solid sphere” model; all elements are made of one type of atom 8. Discovered the nucleus; “Planetary” model 9. Better representation of where electrons might be found in the atom 10. Used by scientists to explain something we cannot see or understand 11. The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element 12. Discovered the neutron 13. Mass of protons and neutrons 14. An atom with a charge 15. Developed the model of the atom in which electrons orbit the nucleus in energy levels 16. The negative particle that circles the nucleus 17. The neutral particle in the nucleus of an atom 18. Proposed the “plum-pudding” model of the atom; discovered the electron Democritus #_____ Rutherford #_____ Atomic Mass #_____ Electron #_____ Dalton #_____ Proton #_____ Neutron #_____ Model #_____ Thompson #_____ Atom #_____ Nucleus #_____ Molecule #_____ Chadwick #______ Bohr #_____ Element #_____ Electron cloud #_____ Total _____ _____ _____ ______ Total _____ _____ _____ _____ If you did this correctly, you will be able to add the numbers across the rows and down the columns and get the same total every time. All the gray boxes should have the same number. If they don’t, you added wrong or you have at least one incorrect match. Go back and fix it! If The Magic Number is ________ Atoms Review and Study Guide you did it right, you found the magic #. Things I need to know: All matter is made of atoms and are too small to see Describe the structure of an atom using the periodic table. Atoms combine to make molecules. How are atomic models accurate and what are their limitations. How has our knowledge of the atom change through time? 1. What do scientists call the smallest unit of matter? ___________________ 2. An ancient Greek scientist, Democritus, predicted that when matter was broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, you would come to a particle that could not be made smaller. What was he describing? ____________________ 3. Can you view an atom with a microscope? _____ Why or why not? _______________ 4. Have scientists actually seen an atom? __________ If you answer “yes,” tell us how. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. How do scientists know matter is made of particles? a. They can see them. c. People have always known it b. Experiments have proven it d. A famous scientist decided it was true 6. Based on the history of the model of the atom, what will happen to our model of the atom in the future? Explain. ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 7. Is our current model of the atom completely correct? _______________ Why or why not? __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 8. Look at the history of the atom model. Do scientists build upon previous knowledge or do they start from scratch? ______________________________________________________ Explain ____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 9. Why do we need a model of an atom? ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 10. Fill in the chart using the words atomic number and atomic mass. Protons= _________________________________ Electrons = _________________________________ Neutrons= __________________________ - _________________________ 11. The number of protons always equals the number of _______________ in an atom. 12.What is the atomic number for Carbon? ___________ Where did you find this number? __________________________________________________________________________ 13.What is the mass number for Carbon?____________ Where did you find this number? __________________________________________________________________________ 14.Where are the following located in an atom? (Hint: nucleus or around the nucleus?) a. Protons: _______________________________________ b. Neutrons: ______________________________________ c. Electrons: ______________________________________ 15.A pure substance (like carbon or gold) that cannot be broken down into another substance is called ___________________________________. 16.What is the element #34 on the periodic table?___________________________________ 17.An atom of Carbon has 6 protons. How many electrons does it have? __________________ 18.Lithium is #3 in the Periodic Table. How many protons does it have?_______ How many neutrons? __________ (Use the Periodic Table) 19. Draw a Boron atom (include and label nucleus, energy level, protons, neutrons, and electrons): 20.What do scientists call a substance that is made of two or more atoms bonded together? ____________________________________ 21.Draw an example of a molecule like water. Why is it a molecule?_________________________________________________________ 22.Which atoms make up a water molecule? ________________________________________ 23.Early chemists thought the parts of the atom were spread evenly throughout the atom. We now know that most of the mass is in the________________________________________ 24.Ancient people thought matter was made of Earth, wind, water, and fire. What do we now know matter is made of?______________________________________________________ 25.Which illustration is an example of an atom? (circle the correct answer) Picture A Picture B Picture C Picture D The following diagrams show the smallest part of three different substances. Use these diagrams to answer questions #9-11. A B C D 26. Which of the substances pictured is an atom? A. A B. B C. C D. D 27. Which of the substances could be elements? (assume circles of the same size are the same element). A. A and B B. B and C C. C and D D. A and D 28. Which substances are molecules? A. A and B B. B, C and D BRAIN DRAIN C. A, B and C D. B and D - Do not do this page until the day of the test. 1. Define an atom and describe its structure (p+, e-, n).________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Has anybody seen the atom? Why or why not? ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 3. Give three reasons for why we can’t make a completely accurate model of an atom. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the difference between atoms and molecules. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 5. How has the model of the atom changed over time? What led to these changes? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6. Use a periodic table to determine the mass number, atomic number, AND the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in Aluminum. ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ The Best Element Flyer 1. You are trying to convince the class that your element is the best. Your element is so awesome, so incredibly cool, that you want everyone to vote for it as official Class Element! 2. To have a successful campaign, your element must have an informational flier with a catchy slogan. You need to convince the general population of the classroom that they should vote for your element. 3. First, do some research on your element (Here are some helpful web-sites, http://snurl.com/rydcx, www.chem4kids.com, http://snurl.com/rydbu). Make sure you get the following information: Number of protons Nonmetal, metal, or metalloid Number of neutrons Uses Number of electrons Any other interesting information Melting Point (who discovered it, how it got its Boiling Point name, interesting properties, etc.) Phase (solid, liquid, or gas) at Room Temperature 4. After getting all this information, you will make an informational flier about your element that is the size of a regular sheet of paper. You want this flier to be an eye-catcher! Make sure all the above information is on your flier. You can use your artistic skills or the computer; just make sure it compels people to want to vote for your element! 5. You also need a cool slogan at the top of your flyer. This slogan needs to convince people that your element is awesome. Be creative with the information you researched. For instance, if you had Hydrogen, you could write, “Hydrogen is #1!” since it is the first element on the periodic table. (Don’t use my example!) 6. This assignment is worth 30 pts and will be graded according to the rubric below. Info Neatness 15 All of the necessary info is on your flier. 12 9 6 0 You are You are You are You have missing a missing missing a very little small amount several things large amount info. of necessary on your flier. of info. info. It's colorful, It's colorful, It's just okay. Your flier is Your flier is neat, and has neat, and has You could not very good nonexistent a great a pretty good have done a at all; you or extremely slogan. slogan. lot better don't seem to poor. have put much effort into it. Grading Sheet Name: Period: = Full Credit Unit 4– Atoms Teacher Comments: Science Booklet Agenda/Bell Ringers Booklet is clean and neat Booklet is on time Points Score 30 20 50 Daily Assignments 10 20 10 10 30 5 20 25 25 30 20 30 15 Bill Nye “Atoms” Video Structure of an Atom WS Atom Lab Matter, Atoms, and Molecules Notes The Atoms Family Reading a Periodic Table Periodic Table Practice Mystery Atom Model Making Molecules History of the Atomic Theory The Magic Square Atoms Review and Study Guide Brain Drain TOTAL POINTS: 350 Dear Parents: Please look over all the assignments and the scores received. Make sure that no error has been made in the scoring. I also advise you to compare these scores to the scores on Skyward. After checking the booklet please sign below, then cut and return this grading sheet to class. Please keep the booklet in the science folder until the end of the term but preferably until the end of the year to study for unit tests and CRT’s. Thanks for all your support! * Questions or comments please email me at marcismith@alpinedistrict.org Mrs. Smith Parent Signature:_________________________________ Date:___________