Nonferrous Alloys
Nonferrous Alloys
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Aluminum Alloys
Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys
Copper Alloys
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
Titanium Alloys
Refractory and Precious Metals
Aluminum Alloys
Aluminum Alloys
Aluminum Alloys
Aluminum Alloys
Aluminum Alloys
Aluminum Alloys
©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Portion of the aluminum-magnesium phase diagram.
Aluminum Alloys
Sand-cast 443 aluminum alloy containing coarse silicon and inclusions. (b)
Permanent-mold 443 alloy containing fine dendrite cells and fine silicon due to
faster cooling. (c) Die-cast 443 alloy with a still finer microstructure ( 350).
(From ASM Handbook, Vol. 7, (1972), ASM International, Materials Park, OH
44073.)
Magnesium and Beryllium Alloys
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Magnesium alloys are used in aerospace applications, high-speed
machinery, and transportation and materials handling equipment.
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Instrument grade beryllium is used in inertial guidance systems
where the elastic deformation must be minimal; structural grades
are used in aerospace applications; and nuclear applications take
advantage of the transparency of beryllium to electromagnetic
radiation. Beryllium is expensive, brittle, reactive, and toxic.
©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under
license.
Magnesium Alloys
The magnesium-aluminum phase diagram.
Magnesium Alloys
Copper Alloys
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Blister copper - An impure form of copper obtained during the
copper refining process.
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Applications for copper-based alloys include electrical components
(such as wire), pumps, valves, and plumbing parts, where these
properties are used to advantage.
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Brass - A group of copper-based alloys, normally containing zinc as
the major alloying element.
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Bronze - Generally, copper alloys containing tin, can contain other
elements.
Copper Alloys
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
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Nickel and cobalt alloys are used for corrosion protection and for
high-temperature resistance, taking advantage of their high melting
points and high strengths.
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Superalloys - A group of nickel, iron-nickel, and cobalt-based alloys
that have exceptional heat resistance, creep resistance, and
corrosion resistance.
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
The effect of temperature
on the tensile strength of
several nickel-based alloys.
Nickel and Cobalt Alloys
Microstructure of a superalloy, with carbides at the grain boundaries and
γ΄ precipitates in the matrix ( 15,000). (b) Microstructure of a superalloy
aged at two temperatures, producing both large and small cubical γ΄
precipitates ( 10,000). (ASM Handbook, Vol. 9, Metallography and
Microstructure (1985), ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073.)
Titanium Alloys
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Titanium’s excellent corrosion resistance provides applications in
chemical processing equipment, marine components, and
biomedical implants such as hip prostheses.
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Titanium is an important aerospace material, finding applications
as airframe and jet engine components.
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Titanium alloys are considered biocompatible (i.e., they are not
rejected by the body).
Titanium Alloys
©2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning ™ is a trademark used herein under license.
Titanium Alloys
The
effect
of
temperature on the
yield strength of
selected titanium
alloys.
Refractory and Precious Metals
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Refractory metals – These include tungsten, molybdenum,
tantalum, and niobium (or columbium), have exceptionally highmelting temperatures (above 1925oC) and, consequently, have the
potential for high-temperature service.
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Applications of Refractory metals include filaments for light bulbs,
rocket nozzles, nuclear power generators, tantalum- and niobiumbased electronic capacitors, and chemical processing equipment.
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Precious Metals - These include gold, silver, palladium, platinum,
and rhodium.From an engineering viewpoint, these materials resist
corrosion and make very good conductors of electricity.
Refractory and Precious Metals
Dental Metals
Cobalt-Chromium Alloys
Dental Metals - Amalgam
65% silver (minimum)
29% tin, 6% copper, 2% zinc, 3% mercury (maximum)
45 - 55 % mercury
- 45 % silver
15 % tin
Dental Metals - Gold
Nickel-Titanium Alloys
Tantalum, Platinum and other noble metals