Human Geography Lesson 1
DEMOGRAPHICS
Bellringer – Page 11
1) What type of map is a population density map?
(Think of the three types of maps on pg 26-27)
2) Pages 193 & 471 - Population density maps
– Where are people living? Why?
Population Density
Population Distribution
Why do they live in these places?
Why do they not live in others??
• World physical map page A2
World Population Growth
• Why the HUGE growth in the 20th century (1900s)
• You will share your conclusions with the class
POPULATION
PYRAMIDS
Objectives
• WHAT is a population pyramid?
• HOW to read a population pyramid?
• Recognize SHAPES of population
pyramids.
• IMPORTANCE of population
pyramids.
What is a population pyramid?
• It is a diagram that gives information about
the proportion of males and females in
each age group.
• Also shows:
- proportion of young people (0 -14 )
- proportion of working people (15 – 59)
- proportion of elderly people (60+)
What is a population pyramid?
Vertical Axis - Age Groups
Elderly dependents
Working population
Young dependents
Horizontal Axis – Percentage / number
How to read a population pyramid?
• Read the title e.g. country or city or
racial group
• Comment on general shape of the
pyramid
• Note the proportion of people in various
age groups
• Note the sex ratio
• Interpret the data
Types of Population Pyramid
1. Triangular-shaped
2. Beehive-shaped Pyramid
3. Rectangular-shaped Pyramid
Shape of pyramids is controlled by
–births,
–deaths, &
–migrations.
Triangular-shaped Pyramid
(Broad-based Pyramid)
Broad-based Pyramid
Title: India, 2000
Shape: Broad Base - high birth rates
Narrow Top - small elderly pop
- high death rate
Proportion: - Large proportion of young
- high young dependency
ratio
Sex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance sex
ratio
For your notes
• Draw a triangle shape
pyramid
• Broad Base = high birth
rate
• Narrow top = high
death rate, low elderly
population
Indonesia
2000
Malaysia
2000
Beehive-shaped Pyramid
Beehive-shaped Pyramid
Title: Singapore, 2000
Shape: Rocket-shaped / Narrow Base
– Low Birth Rates, Slow pop growth
Proportion: Large proportion of working
population, 15-59 yr old - large
group of economically active pop
Sex Ratio: Balanced pyramid
For your notes
• Draw a beehive pyramid
• Narrow base = low birth
rate and slow growth
• Large middle = lots of
workers
Hong Kong
2000
Taiwan
2000
Rectangular-shaped Pyramid
Rectangular Pyramid
Title: Netherlands, 2000
Shape: Rectangular-shaped - Zero Pop Growth
Narrow Base - Low Birth Rates
- Life-expectancy is high e.g. 80+
- Low death rates
Proportion: Bars of equal length - Balance
Proportion
Sex Ratio: Balance pyramid - Balance Sex
Ratio
For your notes
• Draw a rectangle
pyramid
• Rectangle = zero
population growth
• Narrow base = low birth
rate
• Low death rate
• High life expectancy
UK 2000
Netherlands
2000
Population Pyramids in Transition
Each pyramid tells a story
about the
past, present & future
of a country & its people.
Importance of Population Pyramids
• Policy Planning
~ future housing estates
~ future schools
~ future jobs
• Comparison with other countries
~ developed (US) vs developing (India)
Your turn…
• Look at the shape
• Find the trend
• Remember your basic shapes
United States, 2000
•More boys in younger age
groups than girls
•Reversal of ratio in upper
age groups
•Shifts around age 35
•Slow growth
China, 2000
•Efforts to reduce the birth
rate have contributed to a
prominent male majority.
•Since the early 1980s,
parents try to have a male
child if they are only
having one child
•Boys culturally seen as
more beneficial than a
female
•Imbalance
•Could lead to instabilities
Mexico, 2000
•Pyramid shape
•Rapid growth
Iceland, 2000
•Generally straight
except for older age
groups
•Stable population
Japan, 2000
•Top-heavy shape
•Shrinking
population
Germany, 2010
•Negative growth
Sweden, 2010
•Somewhat stable;
could be beginning
a pattern of
negative growth
Kenya, 2010
•Looks like slow
growth
•Dying younger
•The situation in
Kenya: young adults
with AIDS are dying
leaving a very young
population in its place
Brazil, 2010
•Looks like the pattern
of rapid growth was
interrupted by
something
•Growth rate is again
rising
Russia, 2010
•Very unbalanced at
top between males
and females.
•Transitioning
between patterns of
rapid growth; either
slowing or beginning
to grow again.
North Korea, 2010
•Beginning period of
negative growth
•Had previously
experienced rapid
growth
•Females outnumber
men in older ages
Exit Slip
• What shape is your population pyramid?
• What does that tell you about the
– Age groups (youth, working, elderly)
– Sex
– Growth
Levels of Development
• More Developed
• Less Developed
– GDP per capita of $25,000
– Low life expectancy
or more
– Less than $8,000 GDP per
– Literacy rate at/near 99%
capita
– Technology
– Large rural population
– Industrialized
– High infant mortality rate
– Varied distribution of
– High birth rate
labor
– Large Urban population • Newly Industrialized
– High life expectancy
– $9000-24,000 GDP per
(above 76)
capita
– Growing urban population
– Growing technology
Definitions for your notes – Pg 12
• More developed
• Newly industrialized
• Less developed
Country Profile Assignment
• https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworld-factbook/