Skeletal system
BMS 231:
2015/2016
Dr Sobia Ikram
Dr Aqeela Bano
Objectives
When you finish this lesson, you should be able to
• Describe the Types of Bones and Their Classification.
• Define the Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton .
• Identify all the Bones of human skeleton.
• Define and Identify the Types of Joints with Examples.
• Support- framework that supports body and
cradles its soft organs
• Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs,
brain
• Movement- bones act as levers for muscles
• Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate
• Blood cell formation
• Long Bones- metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges,
humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
• Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
• Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
• Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones
• Sesamoid- patella
ANATOMY OF LONG BONES
AXIAL SKELETON
DEFINITION
 Axial skeleton is the central skeleton of the body it
includes
1.
2.
3.
4.
SKULL
THORACIC CAGE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
SACRUM AND COCCYX
BONES OF SKULL
Bones of skull are basically flat bones they includes
1. Frontal bone
2. Parietal
3. Temporal bone
4. Occipital bone
5. Zygomatic
6. Nasal
7. Maxilla
8. Mandible
Posterior View
THORACIC CAGE
RIBS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
TRUE AND FALSE RIBS
• 1ST to 7th ribs are true ribs as they are directly
attached to sternum by costal cartilage.
• 8th,9th and10th ribs are false ribs as do not have
their own separate costal cartilage instead they
join to sternum by costal cartilage of upper ribs.
• 11th and 12th ribs are floating ribs as they do not
attached to sternum at all.
The Thoracic Cage
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
STERNUM
The sternum, commonly known as the breast bone or chest
bone, is a long, narrow flat bone that serves as the keystone of
the rib cage and stabilizes the thoracic skeleton.
It has Three parts
1. Manubrium
2. Body
3. Xiphoid process
CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF STERNUM
Lower half of sternum is the place for doing
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSITATION
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Bones of vertebral column are irregular type of
bones, they include
1.CERVICAL
2.THORACIC
3.LUMBER
4.SACRUM AND COCCYX
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Lumbar Vertebrae
SACRUM
• The sacrum is a large, triangular bone, situated in
the lower part of the vertebral column.
• The upper part of the sacrum connects with the last
lumbar vertebra, and its lower part connects with
the coccyx.
• In human beings the sacrum consists of five fused
vertebrae.
SACRUM
COCCYX
• Coccyx is the last part
of axial skeleton.
• It is present at the lower
border of sacrum.
• It has a shape like
spine.
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Bones of the pectoral girdle, upper limb , pelvic
girdle and lower limb forms the appendicular
skeleton.
Bones of pectoral girdle
1. Clavicle
2. scapula
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Upper limb bones are
1. Humerus
2. Radius
3. Ulna
4. Carpals (8)
5. Metacarpals (5)
6. Phalanges (14)
Bones of the upper limb
Bones of the upper limb
Radius and ulna
radius
ulna
Bones of the upper limb
Bones of hand
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Bones of pelvic girdle
1. Sacrum
2. Coccyx
3. pelvic bones
(ischium, ilium, pubis)
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
Bones of the lower limb
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals
Phalanges
(5)
(14)
Bones of the lower limb
Femur
Bones of the lower limb
Patella
Bones of the lower limb
Tibia and fibula
Bones of the lower limb
Bones of the foot
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Joints
Definition
A point of articulation between two or more bones that allows
movement.
Types of joints
1. Immovable joints (sutures in skull bones , pubic symphysis)
2. Slightly movable joints (Intervertebral joints)
3. Freely movable joints (shoulder joint, hip joint, elbow joint
etc)
Joints
Immovable joints
suture
Pubic symphysis
Joints
Slightly Movable Joint
Joints
Freely Moveable joints
Knee joint