Anatomy and Physiology Unit 2.1
(Chapter 7 in Text book)
Pg. 214
Tissues and Organs of the Skeletal System
The skeletal system is composed of______________, _______________, and __________________________
Joined tightly to form a flexible and strong framework for the body.
Cartilage is:_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Ligaments:________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tendons:___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Describe the Functions of the Skeletal System:
1._______________
2. _______________
3. _________________
4. ______________________
5._______________________
6._______________________
BONES AND OSSEOUS TISSUE:
The 206 bones of the adult skeleton are composed of 2 basic kinds of osseous tissue that differ in their texture.
1. Compact Bone: looks smooth and homogeneous.
2. Spongy Bone: composed of small trabeculae (bars) of bone and lots of open space.
Bone or _____________________________, is a ____________tissue in which the matrix is hardened by____________________
________________________________. This hardening process is called:___________________________.
Is bone the hardest tissue in the body?________________________________________________________________________
What other types of tissues are present in bone?_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
BONE can mean all the above tissues or just the __________________________________.
BONES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 4 GROUPS ACCORDING TO THEIR SHAPE AND FUNCTIONS
TYPE of BONE
Description
Examples
Illustration_________________________
Long Bone:
Short Bone:
Flat Bones:
Irregular Bones:
You will notice that there are sections (white) of cartilage covering the ends of the bones. Cartilaginous regions of the skeleton have
a fairly limited distribution in adults. The most important of these skeletal cartilages are:
1. Articular Cartilages: Cover the bone ends at movable joints
2. Costal Cartilages: Connects the ribs to the sternum
3. Laryngeal Cartilages: Largely construct the larynx
4. Tracheal and Bronchial Cartilages: Reinforce other passageways of the respiratory system
5. Nasal Cartilages: Support the external nose
6. Intervertebral discs: Separate and cushion bones of the spine
7. Ear Cartilage: Supports the external ear.
GENERAL FEATURES OF BONES:
Using a typical long bone as an example describe the components of the bone: As you describe these, please label the long bone
below:
Compact (dense) Bone:
Medullary Cavity or Marrow Cavity:
Spongy(Cancellous) Bone:
Pg 216:
Principal features of long bone are it’s shaft _________________________ and expanded head at each end ___________________
The diaphysis provides:_________________________________________________________________________________________
The Epiphysis is enlarged to_____________________________________________________________________________________
The joint surface where one bone meets the other is covered with_____________________________called:____________________
A __________________fluid is secreted as well to provide easy movement.
Nutrient Foramina are__________________________that allow blood vessels to penetrate into the bone.
Externally, bone is covered with a sheath called the :________________________. What does Peri mean?_____________________
What does oste mean?______________________________
The periosteum has a tough outer layer ___________________________of collagen and an inner __________________________
Made up of _______________________________________.
Some of the collagen fibers of the outter layer are continuous with the_____________________________________________ and
Some penetrate into the b one matrix as___________________________.
Describe functions of the periosteum:_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The internal surface of the bone is lined with ________________________________, which is a thin layer of __________________
________________________________________________that give rise to other types of bone tissue.
In children the _________________________________, made up of Hyaline cartilage, separates the marrow spaces of the
_________________________________.
This plate zone is where ________________________________________________________________________________________
In adults the epiphyseal plate is depleted and _________________________________________________________________but an
____________________________marks where the plate used to be.