Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Essential Question:
How
democratic
was Andrew
Jackson?
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
OR
“King”
Andrew?
Democracy
• a form of government in which
people choose leaders by
voting
• an organization or situation in
which everyone is treated
equally and has equal rights
Democracy
• People have a say in the
government
• Direct democracy – political system
where everyone rules more directly,
people vote directly for leaders
• Democratic republic – electing
representatives to run the country
• “Republicanism” – representative
government
Voting Requirements
in the Early 19c
Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860
Why Increased Democratization?
3
White male suffrage increased
3
Party nominating committees.
3
Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential
electors.
3
Spoils system.
3
Rise of Third Parties.
3
3
Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats,
etc.)
Two-party system returned in the 1832
election:
 Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs
(1832)  Republicans (1854)
 Democrats (1828)
Electoral College
• http://www.archives.gov/federalregister/electoralcollege/about.html
Banking System
• http://www.philadelphiafed.org/e
ducation/federal-reserve-andyou/chapters.cfm?chapter=2
Jackson’s First
Hermitage Residence
First Known Painting
of Jackson, 1815
General Jackson
During the Seminole Wars
The “Common Man’s”
Presidential Candidate
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Henry Clay
[KY]
John Quincy Adams
[MA]
William H. Crawford
[GA]
John C. Calhoun
[SC]
Results of the 1824 Election
A
“Corrupt
Bargain?”
John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
6qnVpC4zXpM
• http://www.videopediaworld.com/vi
deo/28714/America-UnderMonroe-And-Adams-TheAmerican-System
Rachel Jackson
Final Divorce Decree
Jackson in Mourning for His Wife
1828 Election Results
The Center of Population in the
Country Moves WEST
The New “Jackson Coalition”
3
3
3
3
The Planter Elite in the
South
People on the Frontier
State Politicians – spoils
system
Immigrants in the cities.
Jackson’s Faith
in the “Common Man”
3
3
3
3
Intense distrust of Eastern
“establishment,” monopolies, &
special privilege.
Suspicious of the federal
government
His heart & soul was with the
“plain folk.”
Belief that the common man was
capable of uncommon
achievements.
The Reign of “King Mob”
Andrew Jackson as President
The “Peggy Eaton Affair”
The Webster-Hayne Debate
Sen. Daniel
Webster
[MA]
Sen. Robert
Hayne
[SC]
1830
Webster:
Liberty and Union, now and
forever, one and inseparable.
Jackson:
Our Federal Union—it must be
preserved.
Calhoun:
The Union, next to our liberty,
most dear.
1832 Tariff Conflict
3
1816--> Tariff
3
1824 – 23%-37%
3
1828 --> “Tariff of
Abomination”
3
1832 --> new tariff
3
South Carolina’s reaction?
3
Jackson’s response?
3
Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?
3
3
3
“Proclamation to the People of
South Carolina”
Significance of Force Bill
South Carolina – from nullification
to succession
Indian Removal
3
Jackson’s Goal?
3
1830  Indian Removal Act
3
3
3
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
* “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson:
John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce
it!
Indian Removal
3
Jackson’s Goal?
3
1830  Indian Removal Act
3
3
3
Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)
* “domestic dependent nation”
Worcester v. GA (1832)
Jackson:
John Marshall has made his
decision, now let him enforce
it!
The Cherokee Nation After 1820
Indian Removal
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
Jackson’s Professed “Love” for
Native Americans
Jackson’s Use of Federal Power
VETO
1830  Maysville Road project
in KY [state of his
political rival, Henry
Clay]
The National Bank Debate
Nicholas
Biddle
President
Jackson
The National Bank Debate
Support
for the Bank
Opposition
to the bank
nd
Opposition to the 2 B.U.S.
“Soft”
(paper) $
3
3
state bankers felt
it restrained their
banks from issuing
bank notes freely.
supported rapid
economic growth
& speculation.
“Hard”
(specie) $
3
3
3
felt that coin was
the only safe
currency.
didn’t like any bank
that issued bank
notes.
suspicious of
expansion &
speculation.
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
3
3
3
3
“pet banks”?
1832  Jackson vetoed the
extension of the 2nd
National Bank of the
United States.
1836  the charter expired.
1841  the bank went
bankrupt!
The Downfall of “Mother Bank”
An 1832
Cartoon:
“King
Andrew”?
1832 Election Results
Main
Issue?
Why
did
Jackson
defeat
Clay?
What
role did
the
AntiMasonic
Party
play?
The Specie Circular (1836)
3 “wildcat banks.”
3 buy future federal
land only with gold or
silver.
3 Jackson’s goal?
Results of the Specie Circular
$ Banknotes loose their value.
$ Land sales plummeted.
$ Credit not available.
$ Businesses began to fail.
$ Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!
Texas: The Lone Star
•Stephen Austin, Davey
Crockett, and James Bowie
•Santa Anna
•Independence – 1936
•“Remember the Alamo!”
“Remember Goliad!”
•Annexation???
The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook”
[O. K.]
Whigs v. Democrats
Who supported the Whig Party?
What role did they play in the
election of 1840?
Van Buren’s Woes
•President Jackson’s
enemies
•Rebellion in Canada
•Antislavery agitators
•Annexation of Texas
•Panic of 1837
Martin Van Buren
“Old Kinderhook”
[O. K.]
The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!
Andrew Jackson in Retirement
Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844
(one year before his death)
1767 - 1845