THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
GCSE PE
FIX IT FIVE
Read All comments made in your books…
 If unsure, ask what a ruler is used for!!
 Respond to task/questions left in books

EXAM Q’S – CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM…

If an individual had high levels of low density
lipoprotein (LDL), which of the following should
he/she avoid in order to improve his/her health?
Foods high in saturated fats (e.g. butter/crisps)

Which one of the following statements correctly
defines the term cardiac output?
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
EXAM Q’S – CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM…
EXAM Q’S – CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM…
The following statements are effects of exercise on the
cardiovascular system. State whether the effect is immediate or
long term. (3 marks)
Immediate or long term?
Increased heart rate
……………Immediate…………….
Increased cardiac output
……………Immediate…………….
Increased maximum cardiac output
……………Long term……………
LEARNING OBJECTIVES…



To identify the function of the respiratory system
To understand key terms related to the
respiratory system
To analyse short and long term effects of exercise
on the respiratory system
THE AIR THAT WE BREATHE…
The respiratory system is everything that we use to
breathe!
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
BRONCHIOLES
ALVEOLI
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM…




The area inside the
chest containing the
lungs and heart is
called the chest cavity
TRACHEA – Air passes through the nose or
mouth and then onto the trachea
BRONCHI – The trachea splits into two tubes
called bronchi, one going to each lung
BRONCHIOLES – The bronchi split into
progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles
ALVEOLI – The bronchioles finally end at small
bags called the alveoli where the gas exchange
takes place
GASEOUS EXCHANGE…

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the alveoli
There are millions of alveoli in your lungs, this is where gaseous
exchange happens
Can you construct a paragraph
• The blood collects carbon
explaining Gaseous Exvchange?

•
•
•
•
dioxide as it travels around
the body, and takes it to the
heart, where it is pumped to
the lungs
Carbon dioxide moves from
your blood into the alveoli
Oxygen from the air moves
from the alveoli to the red
blood cells
Blood returns to the heart,
where it is pumped to the
body
Red blood cells then carry
oxygen around the body
VITAL CAPACITY…

When you’re breathing normally, you only
breathe a small amount of air in and out
Vital Capacity – the most air you can
breathe in or out

You can improve your vital capacity by exercising
PRACTICAL…
Throughout the practical, note the following…


How did the body prepare itself for exercise?
What are the short term effects? What can you
see happening?
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE…

Your respiratory system provides extra oxygen you need
when you exercise
Short Term Effects Of Exercise…
 You breathe more quickly
 You take a larger volume of air per breath
 If you do anaerobic activity, you will build up lactic acid
 The amount of oxygen you need to get rid of this lactic acid
is call an ‘oxygen debt’ – this has to be repaid once you stop
exercising
Oxygen Debt is the amount of oxygen you need to
consume while recovering from exercise above the
normal amount needed at rest

That’s why you carry on breathing more heavily for a while
after you’ve finished vigorous exercise
ANTICIPATORY RISE
The increase of both breathing and heart rate due to imminent exercise
and anticipatory signals from the brain.
Increases blood flow and dilates blood vessels
OXYGEN DEBT
LESSON TWO…
Effects on the respiratory system…
STARTER ACTIVITY…


Complete the bingo questions you have been
given
You may use your class notes to help you…
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE…



Now we have learnt about the respiratory
system, we need to know about the short and
long term effects of exercise
Short term effects happen almost immediately
when you exercise
Long term effects occur as a result of leading a
prolonged healthy, active lifestyle
SHORT TERM EFFECTS…




Breathing rate increases
You breathe more deeply, meaning you take in more
air with each breath
If you are doing anaerobic activity (sprinting), your
muscles will build up lactic acid
The amount of oxygen you need to get rid of this lactic
acid is called an 'oxygen debt' – it has to be repaid
once you stop exercising – this is why you breathe
more heavily for a while after you've finished vigorous
exercise
Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen you need to consume
while recovering from exercise above the normal amount
needed at rest
TASK
Recovery
time
Lactic
Acid
Fitness
levels
Describe the graph in as few
words as possible…
Your explanation must include the
words/phrases..
Anticipatory
rise
Anaerobic
Oxygen
debt
Waste
products
LONG TERM EFFECTS…
The muscles around your chest cavity get
stronger, so they can make your chest cavity
larger
 Having a large chest cavity means you can
breathe in more air – so your vital capacity
increases
 The larger your lung capacity, the more oxygen
you can get into your lungs and enter your blood
stream per breath
 This means you have better oxygen supply to the
body, which means you should be able to exercise
for longer

EFFECTS OF SMOKING…





Smoking has a very bad effect on the respiratory
system
It can lead to lots of different lung diseases like
cancer, bronchitis and emphysema
Cigarette smoke contains tar, which clogs up the
and makes it harder for gas exchange to
take place. Eventually the
will collapse
and stop working.
Even if the tar is removed, and the alveoli are
repaired, they'll never be as efficient as they were
Cigarette smoke contains an addictive drug called
nicotine. Nicotine causes the blood vessels in the
lungs to tighten, which slows blood flow in the lungs
and makes gas exchange less efficient.
MY PE EXAM…



http://mypeexam.org/lessons/respiratory-systemadaptations/
Watch the above video about the effects of
exercise on the respiratory system
Complete my pe exam quizzes on the respiratory
system