Which structure is not part of the lower
respiratory system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Larynx
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Which structure is the final part of the conduction
portion of the respiratory tract?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alveolar sacs
Tertiary bronchi
Respiratory bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
What role do the nasal conchae play in the
respiratory system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Trapping airborne particles in mucus
Warming and humidifying incoming air
Bringing olfactory stimulation to olfactory receptors
All of the above are correct
The epithelium of the pharynx changes from
____ in the nasopharynx to ____ in the
oropharynx. Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar to stratified
squamous/oropharynx is subject to abrasion
Simple cuboidal to pseudostratified ciliated
columnar/gas exchange occurs in the nasal cavity
Stratified squamous to pseudostratified ciliated
columnar/nasopharynx contains goblet cells
None of the above.
Why are the cartilages that reinforce the
trachea C-shaped?
1.
2.
3.
4.
To prevent tracheal crushing
To conform to thoracic cavity shape
To allow room for esophageal expansion
To allow normal cardiac functioning
What happens to the alveoli if surfactant is not
produced? Why?
1. The alveoli contract/elastic recoil of lungs
2. The alveoli collapse/increase in surface
tension
3. The alveoli expand/intrapleural pressure
decreases
4. The alveoli burst/increase in intrapulmonary
pressure
What path does air take in flowing from the
glottis to the respiratory membrane?
1. Larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveolar duct,
alveolar sac, respiratory membrane
2. Larynx, trachea, alveolar duct, bronchioles,
respiratory membrane
3. Trachea, bronchi, larynx, bronchioles,
alveolar duct, alveolar sac
4. Larynx, trachea, bronchioles, alveolar duct,
bronchi, alveolar sac, respiratory
membrane
Which arteries supply blood to the conducting
portions of the respiratory tract?
1.
2.
3.
4.
External carotid arteries
Bronchial arteries
Thyrocervical trunk
All of the above
What is the primary function of pleura. What does
it secrete?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reduces surface tension/surfactant
Reduces friction between visceral and parietal
pleura/pleural fluid
Prevents lungs from drying out/mucus
Prevents friction between heart and lungs/serous
fluid
What does Boyle’s Law state concerning the
relationship between pressure and volume?
1.
2.
3.
4.
If you decrease the volume of a gas, its pressure
will decrease.
If you increase the volume of a gas, its pressure
will decrease.
P = 1/V
2 and 3 are correct.
The primary function of pulmonary ventilation
is _____.
1. Maintaining adequate alveolar ventilation
2. Diffusion of gases across the respiratory
membrane
3. Transport of O2 and CO2 between capillaries
and tissues
4. Absorption of O2 and release of CO2 in tissues
Which factor influencing compliance increases
compliance?
1. Inadequate secretion of surfactant
2. Restricted movement of thoracic cage
3. Loss of connective tissue resulting from
alveolar damage
4. The percent of oxygen in inhaled air
Why is it important to exhale while lifting
weights?
1. To relax the diaphragm
2. To equalize pressures inside and outside the
thoracic cavity
3. To enhance action of the accessory
respiratory muscles
4. To prevent intrapulmonary pressure from
increasing
Mark breaks a rib that punctures his left lung.
What will happen to his left lung as a result?
What happens to his right lung?
1. Fluids leak into the alveoli/decrease in
respiratory function
2. Atelectasis/nothing
3. Increase in compliance/decrease in
surface area for gas exchange
4. Bronchodilation/atelectasis
Which respiratory muscles become actively
involved only during a forced inspiration?
1. Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
2. Internal intercostal muscles as well as
external and internal oblique muscles
3. Pectoralis minor, scalenes, and serratus
anterior
4. 1 and 3 are correct
Why is VA more important than the
respiratory minute volume?
1.
2.
3.
4.
VA determines the rate of O2 delivery to alveoli.
VA determines the volume of dead space.
VA determines the amount of air moved each
minute.
VA determines functional reserve capacity.
If you have maximally exhaled all the air you
can (ERV), what is the amount you can now
maximally inhale?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inspiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity
Inspiratory capacity
Residual volume
How is inspiratory capacity calculated?
1. It is the amount of air one can inhale
beyond TV.
2. TV + IRV
3. ERV + TV + IRV
4. FRC + TV + IRV
In pneumonia, fluid accumulates in the alveoli of
the lungs and bronchioles constrict. What effect
does pneumonia have on vital capacity?
1. Increase in vital capacity
2. Decrease in vital capacity
3. Increase in breathing rate, with no
effect on vital capacity
4. Decrease in tidal volume, with no
effect on vital capacity
Which Gas Law states, “At a given temperature,
the amount of a particular gas in solution is
directly proportional to the partial pressure of
that gas”?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Boyle’s Law
Dalton’s Law
The Bohr effect
Henry’s Law
Which of the following is false concerning the
efficiency of gas exchange.
1. Total surface area for gas exchange is large.
2. Gases are lipid soluble.
3. The difference in partial pressure across the
respiratory membrane is minimal.
4. Blood flow and airflow are coordinated.
What do increased temperatures in active skeletal
muscles and increased concentrations of BPG
have in common? What is the result?
1. Both allow the Hb molecule to release O2 more
readily/improved tissue oxygenation
2. Both cause the Hb molecule to bind O2 more
tightly/determines how long a blood bank can
store blood
3. Both allow Hb to have a higher affinity for O2/
improved O2 transfer across the placenta
4. 1 and 3 are correct
What is the functional relationship between
hemoglobin and pH?
1.
2.
3.
4.
As pH drops, the Hb molecule changes shape.
As pH drops, O2 saturation declines.
As pH increases, Hb releases O2 more readily.
1 and 2 are correct.
Which of the following is not a method of carbon
dioxide transport in blood?
1.
2.
3.
4.
As molecules of carbonic acid
In plasma
Binding to iron in Hb
All of the above are methods of carbon
dioxide transport
What effect does a decrease in pneumotaxic
output have on breathing? Why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Shorter breaths and increased respiration rate/
stimulation of the VRG
Decreased respiratory rate and increased depth of
respiration/the apneustic centers are stimulated
Neurons of the VRG activate accessory muscles
of inhalation/little pulmonary ventilation is
occurring
None of the above is correct
Beyond transport of respiratory gases, how do the
respiratory and cardiovascular systems interact?
1. Regulation of BP by activation of angiotensin II
2. Bicarbonate ions contributing to the buffering
capacity of blood
3. Maintenance of normal fluid and ion balance
4. 1 and 2 are correct