Post Classical
Civilizations:
The
Crusades
The Effects of the Crusades
New
Ideas and Products
Europeans
had greater exposure
to new ideas like the use of zero
in math, and foreign products
like silk, rice, spices, coffee,
perfumes, cotton cloth, raisins,
and glass mirrors.
The Effects of the Crusades
Increased
Trade
 The
European demand for foreign
products eventually led to increased trade
with the Middle East as well as with other
parts of the world.
Growth
 Led
of Intolerance
to the Christian persecution of Jews
and Muslims, as well as Muslim persecution
of Christians.
Late Middle Ages
 Because
of the increased interest in
luxury goods, a new merchant class
arose
 Merchants and craftsmen organized into
powerful associations called guilds
 They
set the rules for all the craftsmen of their
trade.
 New
inventions like better water-mills,
windmills, and mechanical clocks
improved life.
 The first universities were established
Art in the Middle Ages
Saw
the introduction of a new
art style.
First Gothic church was built in
France in 1231.
It had pointed arches, high
spires, and stained glass
windows
English Political Traditions
Magna
 King
Carta
John was forced to sign an
agreement promising not to take away
any free man’s property or to imprison any
free man without following procedures
established by the law.
 Guaranteed all free men the right to a trial
by jury.
 LIMITED THE POWER OF THE MONARCHY
(KING)
English Political Traditions
Parliament
Later
English kings
summoned nobles and
representatives of the towns
to grant them new taxes
Led to the origins of
Parliament
Great Schism
Kind of like the normal
schism but greater
The Great Schism (1378-1417)
The
Pope clashed with Europe’s secular
(non-religious) rulers.
Kings wanted to appoint bishops who
controlled large areas of land, try priests
in court, and tax Church lands.
The Pope resisted.
1305, a Frenchman was elected Pope
and moved the Papacy from Rome to
Avignon in France.
The Great Schism
It
fell under the French king’s influence.
1378, an Italian was elected Pope who
decided to move back to Rome.
French cardinals claimed the election
was unlawful and elected their own
French Pope.
This schism (split) greatly weakened the
Church’s authority.
The Great Schism
A
Church Council then elected a third
Pope in 1409.
Finally, another Church Council
deposed all 3 Popes in 1417 and
elected a single Pope.
The Church’s prestige was greatly
weakened.
Hundred
Years war
Interesting fact: wasn’t
really 100 years
The Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
 Broke
out between England and France when
the French king died without an heir and the
King of England claimed the French throne.
 Slowly strengthened royal power in both
countries.
 Instead of relying on feudal knights, each king
established a standing army of foot soldiers.
 New weapons such as the long bow,
gunpowder, and cannons made knights less
important in battle.
Joan of Arc
 Joan
of Arc, a young French
maiden, rallied French troops
around the heir to the throne.
 She turned the tide when she
successfully drove the English out
of Orleans and crowned the new
French king at Rheims Cathedral.
 She was later captured and
burned at the stake by the English
as a witch.