Organic Chemistry
When you hear the word
“organic” what comes to
mind?
What is organic chemistry?
*Mostly found or produced in nature or any
living things (biomolecule)
*Usually a chain or rings of carbon atoms
*Typically carbon bonding to itself, and other
non-metals (H2, N2, O2, S and halogens)
Carbon Bonding
How many valence electron for a carbon?
* # valence electrons allow for a
very stable structure.
*Most basic is a hydrocarbon
(ex. ____NAME__ CH4 with a
tetrahedral shape)
*Allows for variety of allotropes:
(1)diamond—strong
(2)graphite– soft
(3)fullerenes--spherical
Organic Chem Notes
Chp. 20.2
*Define key vocabulary terms, simplify
*For each type of alkanes, describe and sketch
*Include Table 20.1 (skip the extended formula)
Chp. 20.3-20.4
*Include Table 20.2
*Simplify and paraphrase rules for naming
alkanes pg. 643
*Read the section, answer #4 and 5 pg. 648
Front
Alkanes
---simplest hydrocarbons, saturated
Formula: C-C (single bond)
Suffix: –ane
Inside Example: Ethane
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Meth
Eth
Prop
But
Pent
Hex
Hept
Oct
Non
Dec
Based on the table above, draw a
methane and an ethane
compounds.
Using the same table, create
a propane structure.
Alkene
Front
Alkyne
Formula: C=C
(double bond)
Suffix: –ene
Example: Butene
Inside
-Formula: C=C
(triple bond)
Suffix: –yne
Example: Hexyne
Attachments or Side Chains
# of Carbons
HALOGENS
Methyl
1
Ethyl
2
Propyl
3
Butyl
4
Cl
Br
F
I
ALKYLS
NAME
Chloro
Bromo
Fluoro
Iodo
Rules for Naming Alkanes
Find longest chain  write name
# parent C- chain  lowest # for the attachment
Name attachment (see alkyls or halogen table)
Indicate which Carbon (#) attachment is found
Multiple attachments that are the same type
state # using prefix (ex. di, tri)
6. #-prefix-alkyl (alphabetized)-base alkane
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
#1
#3
#2
#4
3-methyl pentane
3-ethyl-2-methyl pentane
2,2,3-trimethyl butane
3,4-dimethyl hexane
Alkenes and Alkynes (Chp.20.7)
--- double and triple bonds in a hydrocarbon chain
--- rules are similar to alkanes except:
*-ene for double bonds
*-yne for triple bonds
*# of where multiple bonds use lowest
Practice: Name the following
#1
#2
ANSWER
#1
3-methyl-1-butene
#2
2,2-dimethyl -1-propene
Alkene and Alkynes Practice Problems:
Draw the structure
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
6.)
7.
2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene
4-methyl-2-pentene
3-methyl-1-pentyne
6-ethyl-2-octyne
2-iodo-3,4-diethyl-4-methyl-2-hexene
2-bromo-4-ethyl-5,6-dimethyl-4-octyne
4-Bromo-5-Ethyl-6-Propyl-5,8-decene
CLASS ACTIVITY: Functional Groups Note Cards
page 660-670
Functional
Group
Amines
Ethers
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Ketones
Carboxylic
acid
Esters
General
Formula
Examples
Naming Rules/
Properties/Uses
*Formula:
Amines
*Example: Ethylamine
* Naming:
suffix use --amine
* Properties:
Front
Very similar to ammonia,
reactive to water
Inside
*Formula: R -OH
Alcohol
*Example: Ethanol
*Naming: suffix use --ol
* Properties: product of
distillation
Front
Inside
*Formula:
*Example: Methyl Propyl
Ether
*Naming:
Ethers
naming each of the two
carbon groups as a separate
word followed by a space
and the word ether.
Front
* Uses:
Inside
Diethyl ether was once used
extensively as an anesthetic
O
*Formula: R-C-O-R’
Ester
*Example: Methyl
Ethanoate
*Naming: The shorter Cchain will be the side group,
the longer will be the main
name with suffix –oate
Front
Inside
O
*Formula: R-C-H
Aldehydes
*Example: Propanal
* Naming:
suffix use --al
* Properties:
Found at the end of Cchains
Front
Inside
O
*Formula: R-C-R’
Ketones
*Example: 2-pentanone
* Naming:
suffix use --none
Front
* Properties:
Inside
Found in the middle of
chain
O
*Formula: R-C-O-H
Carboxylic
Acid
*Example: Pentanoic Acid
* Naming:
suffix use --oic
* Properties:
Front
Inside
Some common named
compounds include
formic acid and acetic
acid
CLASS ACTIVITY: Functional Group Notecards
• Create the rest of the cards using the same set up
for each functional group. Use your textbook for
resource. (NOTE: create your cards by cutting out a printer
paper into 8 equal size note cards)
Per. 1-3– page 660-670
Per. 4-6—page 598-606
*Remaining Functional Groups:
Alcohols/Aldehydes/Ketones/Carboxylic Acid/Esters
What is an isomer?
*Using your materials create a saturated (4
bonds) hexane structure.
* Rearrange your hexane and create an isomer.
Original stucture is called nhexane but isomers can be called
isohexane
Naming Alkanes: Practice Problems
Pt. I: Draw the following alkanes
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
2,3-dimethylhexane
3-ethyl-4-dimethylheptane
5-ethyl-3-methyloctane
7-butyl-2,4-dimethyl-6-propyldecane
Pt. II: Name the following alkanes
5.
6.
Check Practice Problem pg. 648
4.
a. 3-methylheptane
b and c. 2,3-dimethylbutane
d. 2,3,4- trimethylheptane
5. Isomers of C8H18
Create Flash Cards/ Playing Cards
DRAW EACH ONE
Methane
CH4
METHYL
DRAW
Ethane
C2H6
ETHYL
DRAW
Propane
C3H8
PROPYL
DRAW
Butane
C4H10
ISOPROPYL
DRAW
Pentane
C5H12
BUTYL
DRAW
Hexane
C6H14
ISOBUTYL
DRAW
Heptane
C7H16
Octane
C8H18
ALKANE
HYDROCARBON/
SINGLE BONDS
Nonane
C9H20
ALKENE
HYDROCARBON/
DOUBLE BONDS
Decane
C10H22
ALKYNE
HYDROCARBON/
TRIPLE BONDS
Flow Chart to determine functional
groups
Practice Problem: Identify what type of
functional group and name the structure
1. 2.
3.
2.
4.
5.
7.
6.
8.
Create functional group structures
AROMATICS
BENZENE RING– distinct smell/ 6carbon ring/ one one plane
Other Aromatic
POLYMERS
• Repeating monomers or smaller subunits
• Organic substances and synthetic substances
What are some examples of polymers?
Examples
• Ex. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, plastic,
rayon, styrofoam etc.
Symbol
Type of material
Polyethylene
terephalate
(PET or PETE)
High density
polyethylene
(HDPE)
Polyvinyl chloride
(V or Vinyl or PVC)
Low density
polyethylene
(LDPE)
Polypropylene(PP)
Polystyrene (PS)
Other
Article: Thirsty Polymers
1. What polymer is used in baby diapers and
simulates the inside portion of cactus? What is
the potential amount of water that can be
absorbed by this polymer.
2. List 5 common examples of polymers?
3. Explain how this polymer is able to absorb water
(include the discussion of cross-linkers)
4. If the water is a salt solution, how would this
affect the absorption capability. Explain.
5. What are the other uses of this polymer (in use
and in development)?