Native Americans – William Penn
EARLY INHABITANTS OF PENNSYLVANIA
HOW DID THE FIRST PEOPLE GET TO PA?
It is believed that the
earliest inhabitants of
Pennsylvania came to
our state by accident.
 They are thought to
have followed prey
across a land bridge,
Probably not even
realizing they were on
a new land mass.

HOW MANY PEOPLE WERE LIVING HERE
BEFORE THE EUROPEANS ARRIVED?
 1600 – 15,000 Native Americans in PA
 1800 – 1,000 Native Americans in PA
SO WHAT HAPPENED?
WHICH NATIVES LIVED IN PA?

Algonquian
 Delaware
 Shawnee
 Nanticoke
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Iroquois
 Cayuga
 Mohawk
 Oneida
 Onondaga
 Seneca

Tuscarora

Erie
Susquehannock

WHEN DID THE EUROPEANS COME TO PA?

1600’s - Sweden, Holland, France and England
are all busy mapping the waterways and claiming
the same land.
WHAT CLAIM DID THE NATIVES HAVE TO THE
LAND?
No one owns the land.
Which European country would own the land?
WHAT? THE DUTCH AND SWEDES FIGHT FOR PA?
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The Swedish settlers, or
Swedes, had a prosperous
settlement. They decided to
attack the Dutch (People from
Holland) settlement on the
Delaware River.
The Dutch settlement was
easily taken but the Dutch
decide to fight back.
Eventually, they completely
take over the Swedes and
their settlements.
The Swedes stay on living
under Dutch rule.
Now the Dutch control territory
in New York and Pennsylvania.
WHAT COULD MAKE AN ENGLISH KING NERVOUS?
1664 – The King of England became nervous over
the Dutch controlling so much of the “New World”.
 He sent a fleet of ships to take control of the
Dutch lands.
 The English were successful without ever firing a
shot! The Dutch were so intimidated that they
simply gave up at the first sight of the English!

THE DUTCH ARE GONE, NOW WHAT?
France and England are
left to vie for control of the
“New World”
 The King’s brother, James,
is appointed Duke of York
and made the governor of
New York, New Jersey, and
Delaware.

HOW DID THE SWEDES AND THE DUTCH LEAVE
THEIR MARK ON PENNSYLVANIA?
HOW DID PENNSYLVANIA START?
The king owed William’s father
money but the king had no
money to repay the debt. After
William’s father died, he gave
William a land grant as
payment for the debt.
 Penn had already been
thinking of a colony where
people did not have to fear
religious persecution.
 He began his “Holy
Experiment”

HOW HARD IS IT TO START A COLONY?
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Penn sent a small group of Quakers to PA to begin the
colony. A year later Penn sailed with 100 other Quakers to
join them in PA.
The trip took 2 months and all but 30 of the people onboard
died.
They arrived in PA in November. There were only enough
homes to house the original few settlers. Also, the settlers
really did not know how to hunt or grow food in this new land.
WHO WILL SAVE THE QUAKERS AND
PENNSYLVANIA?

The Delaware Indians come to their rescue!
HOW DOES PENN CHOSE
TO DEAL WITH THE NATIVES?

Penn decides to pay the Native Americans for
the land that he was given by the King of
England. This would be land that most
Europeans would already consider rightfully
theirs!
DID THE LEADERS OF PA AFTER PENN DEAL WITH THE
NATIVE AMERICANS AS WELL AS HE DID?

NO! Penn’s sons tricked the Delaware Indians
into giving up more land than had been
intended through the use of the Walking
Purchase.
HOW MUCH LAND DID THEY COVER IN THE
SECOND WALKING PURCHASE?

65 Miles in 18 Hours!
WHERE DID WILLIAM PENN LIVE WHILE IN PA?

Penn stayed either at Pennsbury Manor or the
Slate House, also know as Appleton while he
was in PA. Both of these homes were located in
Philadelphia.
HOW DID PENN PLAN PHILADELPHIA?

“Greene Country Towne”
(Large plots of land mimicking country estates.)
HOW EXACTLY DO YOU CREATE A
“HOLY EXPERIMENT”?
All people are created equal.
 People can worship however they see fit.
 Everyone has a say in their government.

HOW DID PENN ATTEMPT TO SECURE THESE
RIGHTS FOR THE CITIZENS OF PENNSYLVANIA?
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“The Great Law” – (1682) This was a
law that stated that all people were
born equal.
“Frame of Government” – (1682) This
law allowed the formation of a council
and General Assembly chosen by the
people of the colony, from the people
of the colony, for the people of the
colony.
“Charter of Privileges” – (1701) The
General Assembly can suggest laws to
be considered by the King. Also,
freedom of religion was protected.
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR THE COLONY OF
PENNSYLVANIA?
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As people hear of the
freedoms that are
being offered in
Pennsylvania they
begin flooding into the
colony.
With so many different
types of people coming
for freedom it had
some lasting effects.
Our state has been
home to many unique
groups over the years.
WHO ARE THE QUAKERS?
Known as the Society of Friends.
 Believe in a simple and peaceful life.
 They also believe that the purpose of life is to
worship God through fellowship and friends.
 Created the 1st School.
 Believed that people should be trained while in
jail.
 Do not believe in war.

WHO ARE THE SHAKERS?
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Founded 100 years after the Quakers. This group broke from
the mainstream Quakers in 1747.
They got their name because when they become spiritually
excited their bodies would shake.
Common ownership of property is a part of their beliefs; as
well as a simple life, living in rural regions.
They also believe in equality between genders and races.
WHO ARE THE MENNONITES?
Also known as the Pennsylvania Dutch these
people have a German background. Their religion
grew out of the Anabaptist movement. They reject
the idea of infant baptism and instead believe in
baptism as a believing adult. They also rejected
the ideas of the Reformation and the CounterReformation.
 They also taught separation of church and state
which was unheard of during the 16th century.
 This group first tried to escape religious
persecution by fleeing to Switzerland and other
remote regions. Later they came to PA to gain
religious tolerance.

WHO ARE THE AMISH?
The Amish broke off from the Mennonites of
Switzerland in 1693. The Amish were upset
with the lack of enforcement of shunning or
excommunicating of disobedient members by
the Swiss Mennonites.
 In 1730 the Amish began showing up in PA.
 The beliefs of the Amish and the Mennonites
are basically the same since they share the
same historical roots.

MENNONITE AND AMISH
Both groups believe in simplicity of faith.
The differences in these two groups is how they
chose to live and practice those beliefs.
MENNONITE VS. AMISH
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Mennonites are tolerant of technology and the outside world.
Also, they accept higher education. They believe that it can
help strengthen their religion. They worship in churches and
do missionary work in the “outside”world.
Amish feel that the influence of the outside world through
things like education and technology interfere with the purity
of faith. As a result they refrain from the use of modern
technologies and conveniences. The Amish worship in their
homes and have as little contact as possible with those who
are not of their faith.
However, it truly all depends on what type of order they
belong to. “Old Orders "whether they are Mennonite or Amish
resist the outside world. “Modern Orders” are more
accepting of the outside world and technology.
WHAT ARE THE SPECIFICS OF THE AMISH?

Schools – Private (Ran by the parents)
Only go up to grade 8.
Technology –
Not allowed except in special situations. (Buggy Lights, Fences)
They feel it causes vanity, creates inequality, and leads them away
from lifestyle
Clothing –
Simple style with little ornamentation
Dark colors, fully covers, plain fabric
Family Life –
Most important social unit
Large families with 7-10 children are common
German is spoken in the home and English is taught at school
Women take the household chores, while men take the farm chores.
Amish marry Amish, Divorce is not allowed.
SPECIFICS OF AMISH CONTINUED
Shunning – Being expelled from the Amish
community for a breach of the religious rules. Only
used after many warnings fail to stop behavior.
 Funerals – Held 3 days after the death. The
graves are hand dug. The tombstone markers are
simple (No one is better than anyone else) buried.
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WHO ARE THE MORAVIANS?
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This group first moved to PA after having a failed
settlement in Georgia. They purchased 500 acres in PA
for a settlement that they called Bethlehem. Later they
purchased 5,000 acres for a settlement they called
Nazareth.
Moravians believe in a simple lifestyle. The men or
brothers live separate from the women who were also
known as sisters. Married couples and children also had
their own dwellings.
Relations with Native Americans were good. In fact they
built homes for the converts to their religion.
This group also bought slaves so that they could set
them free.
Their motto is “In essentials, unity; in nonessentials,
liberty; and in all things, love.”
WHO ARE THE BRETHRENS?
The Brethren are a group that
came to PA looking for religious
tolerance.
 They are also known as the
“Dunkards” because they believe Founders Hall – Juniata College
in baptism by dunking a person
A Brethren College
in the running waters of a
stream.
 These people also believe in
living a simple life as “plain
people”. They dress very similar
to Quakers and Mennonites and
the Lancaster region has many
people of this faith.

President Dwight Eisenhower's Mother
was a Brethren
WHO ARE THE SEVENTH DAY BAPTISTS?
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This group is a close relative of the Brethren. They too
chose PA because of its religious tolerance.
These people lived like monks and nuns. They would
pray for hours and they don’t believe in war. They also
did not believe in many comforts because they thought
that it put them farther from God. So, these people slept
on hard boards with wooden block pillows.
They built homes similar to the ones that they had in
Germany. The most famous is the Ephrata Cloister.
There was a separate house for the sisters (women) and
one for the brothers (men). The Ephrata Cloisters were
built in Conestoga territory (Near Lancaster).
WHO ARE THE SCOTS-IRISH?
1706 Philadelphia Presby
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These people originated in Scotland. They left Scotland for
Ireland. There in Ireland they found persecution by English
landowners. They began coming to PA in the 1700’s looking
for a better life – both due to religious reasons and the
opportunity for survival and advancement in society.
They are thought to be the pioneers of PA because they
settled the west.
They brought with them the Presbyterian religion. They did a
lot of missionary work with the Natives and the AfricanAmericans.
They also participated in the writing of state and national
constitutions.
WHO ARE THE CATHOLICS?
Saint Michael’s Parish
Philadelphia – Est.1831
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Catholics chose to settle in PA because of the religious
tolerance. They did not have much success in other
parts of America initially because they were persecuted
for their beliefs. PA is thought to be the most positive
experience for Catholics in the colonies.
In 1757 there were 1,365 Catholics in PA our of
200,000-300,000 people.
Catholics were not permitted to hold office in PA
because they were considered to not be loyal to the
king. Their loyalty was to the Pope. This would eventually
help to bring about separation of church and state.
WHO ARE THE JEWS?
The Jews believe in the
Jewish religion which has
often been persecuted
against throughout
Europe. Many Jews came
to PA as early as the
1700’s to escape
persecution.
 They did not all come from
one homeland, rather they
came from many different
countries.

WHO ARE THE INDENTURED SERVANTS?
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Indentured servants could not afford the trip to America. They wanted
to come to America to find a better life. They would sign on with a
ship’s captain and then he would sell them off when they arrived in
PA.
These were not slaves. They would work for 4-7 years and then gain
their freedom. Their service could be extended for breaking a law.
This was a cheap form of labor for the farmers who were trying to
make a go of things here in America. Later these same farmers
turned to racial slavery because they realized it was even more
profitable.
The indentured servants would generally be given:
land/corn/guns/a cow/clothes
WHO ARE THE AFRICAN-AMERICANS?
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The African-Americans came to PA very early on. The Quakers
brought some here as slaves. In PA slavery grew slowly but steadily.
Later other groups would start using them as slaves throughout
America. The Quakers eventually played a leading role in abolishing
slavery. PA abolished slavery 82 years before President Lincoln
abolished it in the U.S.
PA is famous for two reasons in connection with African-Americans.
First, it was home to the Underground Railroad. Second, the oldest
and continuously owned property by African-Americans in the country
is found in Philadelphia. It is the African American Methodist
Episcopal Church.
1786 – George
Washington complained
about a “society of
Quakers “that helped his
runaway slaves.
RELIGIOUS MOSAIC

Mosaic – Something composed of diverse
elements.
PA is thought to be a religious mosaic.
 Why might we call PA a Religious Mosaic?
 What details support this statement?
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