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ON THE TOP OF PAGE 84 Unit Understanding: Unit Question: Governments implement policies to ensure stability and security. When is government “too big”? EARLY REPUBLIC: ADDRESSING CHALLENGES 1789 - 1828 Washington Adams Jefferson Madison Monroe REPUBLIC political system in which representatives are responsible for governing IMPRESSMENT Forcing someone into service for an organization or government POLITICAL PARTY groups of people sharing a common political philosophy and support for candidates with that philosophy FOREIGN POLICY government actions in relations to other countries ISOLATIONISM policy of separating and not participation in international relationships NEUTRALITY remaining independent and not taking sides in an issue EMBARGO an official ban on trade with a particular country Jefferson issued the Embargo Act to protect American ships, however it almost destroyed our economy. 1803 Louisiana Purchase, significant because it doubled the size of the territory controlled by the United States government Establishment of judicial review from Marbury v. Madison WHISKEY REBELLION Farmers in western Pennsylvania staged a rebellion against a government tax on whiskey and the grain it was made from (it was decreasing their profits on the grain they produced). Washington sent out federal troops to put down the uprising. The rebels fled. XYZ AFFAIR The French were seizing American ships to prevent Americans from trading with the British. The British and French were at war. X, Y, and Z referred to the French agents that assured the American negotiators that they could meet with the French minister. The French agreed to stop if the Americans agreed to give France a loan of $10 million and a bribe to the minister of $250,000. America refused and Congress canceled their treaties with France, allowed France to seize ships, and set aside money to increase the U.S. military. MARBURY V. MADISON Set the precedent of judicial review and gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional TARIFF A tax on imports and exports PROTECTIVE TARIFF high tariffs (taxes on imports) protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition who sell their products at lower prices. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICANS Generally in favor of limiting the federal government power and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Promoted agriculture; did not want a national bank. Led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Were supported by farmers and workers. FEDERALISTS Generally in favor of a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. They favored the creation of a national bank; promoted manufacturing; used a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. Were supported by Northern merchants and manufacturers. JOHN MARSHALL Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by President Adams, preferred the court arrive at decisions by consensus and issue a single opinion; his leadership helped to bring the Supreme Court to a prominent position; set precedent of judicial review in the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, establishing the Supreme Court’s authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional Set precedent of judicial review in the landmark Supreme Court Case Marbury v. Madison, establishing the Supreme Courts authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ political system in which representatives are responsible for governing Forcing someone into service for an organization or government remaining independent and not taking sides in an issue government actions in relations to other countries __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ groups of people sharing a common political philosophy and support for candidates with that philosophy Set the precedent of judicial review and gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional policy of separating and not participation in international relationships A tax on imports and exports __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Louisiana Purchase, significant because it doubled the size of the territory controlled by the United States government Establishment of judicial review from Marbury v. Madison an official ban on trade with a particular country Jefferson issued the Embargo Act to protect American ships, however it almost destroyed our economy. high tariffs (taxes on imports) protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition who sell their products at lower prices. Generally in favor of limiting the federal government power and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Promoted agriculture; did not want a national bank. Led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Were supported by farmers and workers. __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Farmers in western Pennsylvania staged a rebellion against a government tax on whiskey and the grain it was made from (it was decreasing their profits on the grain they produced). Washington sent out federal troops to put down the uprising. The rebels fled. The French were seizing American ships to prevent Americans from trading with the British. The British and French were at war. X, Y, and Z referred to the French agents that assured the American negotiators that they could meet with the French minister. The French agreed to stop if the Americans agreed to give France a loan of $10 million and a bribe to the minister of $250,000. America refused and Congress canceled their treaties with France, allowed France to seize ships, and set aside money to increase the U.S. military. Generally in favor of a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. They favored the creation of a national bank; promoted manufacturing; used a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. Were supported by Northern merchants and manufacturers. Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by President Adams, preferred the court arrive at decisions by consensus and issue a single opinion; his leadership helped to bring the Supreme Court to a prominent position; set precedent of judicial review in the landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison, establishing the Supreme Court’s authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional Set precedent of judicial review in the landmark Supreme Court Case Marbury v. Madison, establishing the Supreme Courts authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
