 Answer these two questions:
 1. Why would Washington warn against political parties and entangling alliances? Think about the possible dangers of each.
 2. If you were back in the 1790s, which party would you be for; the Federalists or the Republicans? Why? Think about which philosophies you agree with.

 John Adams (Federalist) vs Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-
Republican)

 Federalist
 From Massachusetts
 Lawyer—Harvard
 Vice President under
Washington
 President 1796-1800

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
French angry over Jay’s Treaty
French continued to seize ships
Sent 3 delegates over to Paris to negotiate
Delegates were to meet with French foreign minister
Talleyrand  Instead met with three low level officials (XYZ)
XYZ tried to force American officials to pay $250,000
American’s outraged with French
US began to build a navy  seize French ships

 Anti-French sentiment continues  Americans think
French agents are everywhere.
 This leads to the passage of the Alien and Sedition
Acts

Alien Acts
 Raised Residence requirement to become a citizen from 5 years to 14 years
 President could deport or jail any alien considered undesirable
Sedition Acts
 Government could jail and fine anyone who expresses “false, scandalous, and malicious statements against the government.”

 Write down on your index card:
 Do you think the Alien and Sedition Acts were constitutional? Why or why not?


Think about what they prohibit
What amendment or right does this possibly break?

 Jefferson and Madison strongly disagreed with the
Alien and Sedition Acts
 Passed resolutions that were approved in KY and VA
 Stated that the Acts should be nullified
 VA and KY stated that they had the right to declare null and void federal laws that broke the Constitution

 Thomas Jefferson-
Democratic-
Republican
 Supported by poor farmers
 Favored Popular
Democracy & States’
Rights
 John Adams-Federalist
 Supported by wealthy
 Supported strong Fed
Gov’t

 From Virginia 
Monticello
 Anti-Federalist
 Main Author of the
Declaration of
Independence
 Vice President under
Adams
 Third President of the
United States

 Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases
Supreme Court Judges to 16
 Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office  “midnight judges”
 Marbury was one
 Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

 Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act
 Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is
Unconstitutional
 Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

 The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of
Congress unconstitutional
 Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution
 Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme
Court’s power and the federal government’s power


Thomas Jefferson-
Democratic-
Republican

Supported by poor farmers

Favored Popular
Democracy &
States’ Rights

John Adams-
Federalist

Supported by wealthy

Supported strong
Fed Gov’t






From Virginia 
Monticello
Anti-Federalist
Main Author of the
Declaration of
Independence
Vice President under
Adams
Third President of the
United States





Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases Supreme Court Judges to 16
Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office  “midnight judges”
Marbury was one
Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid


Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act

Chief Justice Marshall declares the
Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional

Establishes the Power of Judicial Review




The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional
Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution
Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power




McCulloch vs Maryland
Issue: Do states have the right to tax a federal agency?
Decision:

No, states cannot tax a federal agency


Rule Bank of US constitutional
Strengthens federal power




Gibbons vs Ogden
Issue: Whether the New York law that prohibited vessels (ships) licensed by the
US from navigating the waters of New
York was unconstitutional and therefore void.
Decision:

Only Congress has the power to regulate interstate trade


Bought in 1803 from France

Doubles the land
 in the US
Expands presidential power


Sent to explore the new territory

Take down information and data on land, plants and animals


Britain is blockading France by sea to hurt trade  seize 1,000 American Ships

Impress American Sailors (kidnap and force American sailors to fight in British
Navy)

Jefferson declares an embargo  ban on exporting goods to other countries

Goal: to hurt Britain and other European powers economically

Result: Hurts Americans more

Embargo lifted in 1809