Genetics Discoveries
Gregor Mendel – used the ________________________________________ to conduct several
experiments with ____________________________.
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He concluded that there must be some form of ___________________________ for each
characteristic a person possesses
The basic laws of ____________________ were first formed during the mid-1800’s by an
Austrian botanist monk named _______________________________.
Mendel is referred to as “____________________________________________” because
his work laid the foundation to the study of heredity.
Mendel’ Pea Plants
Mendel was able to observe differences in multiple traits over many generations because pea plants
reproduce rapidly, and have many visible traits such as
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mendel noticed that _______________ plants always produced offspring that had a form of a trait
____________________ like the parent plant. He called these plants “_________________” plants.
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Mendel’s ____________ Experiment- Mendel crossed
____________________________ with _______________ forms of a trait. He called
these plants the parental generation , or P generation.
Mendel observed that _____________ of the offspring grew to be _______________________.
______________ resembled the short parent. He called this generation of offspring the first filial , or
F1 generation, (The word filial means “son” in Latin.)
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Mendel’s _________________ Experiment- Mendel then crossed two of the offspring
___________ plants produced from _____________________________.
To his surprise, Mendel observed that this generation had a ___________ of __________ and
__________ plants. This occurred even though __________ of the F1 parents were short.
TOOLS TO KNOW:
PUNNET SQUARE – A tool used to predict the possible genotypes for the offspring of two known
parents.
TERMS TO KNOW: Page 126-131
Vocabulary Term
Alleles
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Hybrid
Dominate
Recessive
Phenotype
Genotype
Ratio
Definition
Example
HOW TO USE A PUNNETT SQUARE
1. THE PARENTS’ ALLELES GO ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE SQUARE
2. THE ORDER DOES NOT MATTER IN THE BOXES, BUT UPPERCASE FIRST IS A GOOD
RULE
3. DROP THE LETTERS ON THE TOP, INTO EACH SQUARE
4. MOVE EACH LETTER ON THE SIDE, INTO EACH SQUARE
WHAT DO THE RESULTS SHOW?
B = DOMINANT ALLELE FOR BLACK
b = RECESSIVE ALLELE FOR BROW
LET’S LOOK AT ANOTHER PUNNETT SQUARE AND PREDICT THE OUTCOME
T = DOMINANT ALLELE FOR TALLNESS
t = RECESSIVE ALLELE FOR SHORTNESS