The Nation Grows and Prospers
CHAPTER 11 SECTION 3:
UNITY AND DIVISION
An Era of Good Feelings
 1816 Election:


Republican Candidate James
Monroe.
Federalist: Senator Rufus
King of New York.
 Monroe Won:

Last Revolutionary war
officer to become president.
 1817:


Goodwill tour of the country.
Helped create a new sense of
National Unity.
Calhoun of the South
 John C. Calhoun.
 Grew up on Farm in S.C.
 “Young Hercules”
 Intense Speaker.
 Supported War of 1812.
 Firm Defender of
Slavery.
 Opposed policies that
would strengthen the
power of the Federal
Government.
Webster of the North
 Daniel Webster.
 New Hampshire.
 Most skillful Public




Speaker of his time.
Opposed War of 1812.
Refused to vote for taxes
to pay for the war effort.
Wanted the Fed Gov. to
take a larger role in
building the nations
economy.
Slavery was evil…
Clay of the West
 Henry Clay.
 Was leader of the War




Hawks.
Virginia native.
Lawyer.
“Gallant Harry of the
West”
Favored a more active
role for the Central Gov.
in promoting the
Country’s growth.
The National Bank
 After War of 1812: Many
economic issues came into
play.
 1811: Charter to Bank was
up.
 No longer could lend
money & regulate the
Nations money.
 State Banks:



Made loans /Issued own
Money.
Too much money was in
circulation.
Caused prices to rise rapidly.
Foreign Competition
 Early 1800’s:
 Embargo Act and War
1812.
 Kept most Br. Goods out
of the U.S.
 Francis Cabot Lowell.


Business leader.
Est. Mills and Factories.
 Industry in U.S. grew
quickly until 1815.
Flood of British Goods
 War 1812 over.
 British goods enter U.S.
 Br. Could make and sell
goods more cheaply than
Amer. could.
 Why?


Factory Buildings and
Machines were paid off.
Sold cloth in U.S. for less
than it cost to make.
 Hoped to put U.S. rivals
out of business.
 Then raise prices once
more.
Protective Tariff
 NE businesses were
failing.
 The People Spoke!!!
 Tariff of 1816:

Greatly Raised tariffs on
imports.
 Southerners Angry.



Had few Factories.
Bought many Br. goods.
Said made North rich.
Clay’s American System
 Disputes over tariffs.
 Sectionalism:
 Loyalty to one’s state or
section rather than to the
nation as a whole.
 People identified
themselves as
Southerners/
Northerners.
 American System:

High Tariffs on imports, to
help Northern factories.
Money earned would be
used to help
South/West by buying
farm products from
them
 Reduce dependency on
Foreign goods.
 Tariff money:
 Build roads, bridges,
canals.
 Make transportation
easier and cheaper for
people to ship goods.

American System a failure
 Never fully wet into
effect.
 With High tariffs
congress spent little on
Internal Improvements:

Improvements on roads,
bridges, and canals.
 Southerners against it
most.
 Said rivers were fine for
transportation of goods.
Supreme Court Expands Federal Power
 Chief Justice: John
Marshall.
 Promote Economic
Growth.
 Congress Chartered 2nd
Bank of the U.S.
McCulloch v. Maryland
 1819:
 Maryland tried to tax the
Bank to drive it out of the
State.
 James McCulloch

Bank cashier, refused to
pay the tax.
 Court ruled:
 States had no right to
interfere with Federal
Institutions w/in their
boarders.
Gibbons V. Ogden
 1824
 NY law: Tried to control
steamboat travel between
NY and NJ.
 Supreme court upheld
power of the Fed Gov. to
regulate trade between
states.
 States can only regulate
trade within own boarders.
 Only Fed Gov. had power to
regulate interstate
commence: (trade between
different states).
Checking for Understanding…
 What were the pros and
cons of the Tariff of
1816?
 What was the American
System?
 How did the Supreme
Court Rulings give the
Federal Government
greater Power?
New Nations in the Americas
SECTION 4 CHAPTER 11
Father Hidalgo
 1810
 Mexican Village of
Dolores.
 Priest: Hidalgo
 Called Indians to join
struggle to make Mexico
Independent from Spain.
Revolution n Latin America
 1810
 Spain’s American
colonies people wanted
independence.
 Wanted a role in
Government.
 Wealthy Creoles (people
born to Spanish parents)
were even unhappy.
 Indians were in debt. due
to Spanish harsh rules.
Mexican Independence
 Father Hidalgo lead the
movement.
 Gained control of many
provinces in Mexico.
 Captured in 1811 and
Executed.
 Priest Jose Morelos.



Took over in place of
Hidalgo.
Creoles disliked his plan to
give land to peasants.
Captured and Killed.
 1821: Creoles joined the
revolution. Mexico became
a republic with its own
constitution.
The Liberator
 South America.
 Simon Bolivar.
 Latin Amer. Wars.
 Born: Venezuela (Wealthy).
 Rebel Leader.
 Famous Battle: 1819

Led Venezuela army over
Andes Mts. Into Columbia.
 President of the Republic of
Great Columbia.

Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, Panama.
New Nations Form
 Latin America:
 Jose se San Martin
 Led Argentina to freedom in
1816.
 Helped people of Chile, Peru
and Ecuador win
Independence.
 1821: Central America
 Declared Independence from
Spain.
 Formed: United Provinces
 1825: Puerto Rica and
Cuba were the only
colonies left Under the rule
of Spain in Latin America.
 Portuguese colony of
Brazil:


of Central America.

Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Honduras,
Guatemala.

Won independence
peacefully.
Prince Pedro: son of the
Portuguese King joined their
cause.
Became Emperor of the New
Nation Brazil.
The New Republics
 New nations modeled their





constitutions on that of the
U.S.
Latin America did not unite
into a single Country.
Geography made it
difficult.
Hard time setting up Stable
Gov.
Powerful Leaders took
advantage of this and
seized control.
These New nations were
often unable to achieve
democratic rule.
Black Seminoles
 Spanish officials protected
enslaved Africans who fled
from Georgia and S.C.
 Seminole Indians allowed
these people to live near
their villages.
 In return gave portion of
their crops.
 Negro Fort:



Settlement on Apalachicola
River.
1,000 black Seminoles.
General Andrew Jackson
destroyed the fort.
Spain Gives up Florida
 1818
 Jackson enters Florida with
over 3,000 soldiers.
 Spain was powerless


Was fighting war in Latin
Amer.
Could not risk war against
the U.S.
 Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821
 Sec of State: John Quincy
Adams. Made treaty with
Spain
 Gained Fl. For $5 million.
The Monroe Doctrine
 1823: Doctrine: (Foreign
Policy).
 Declared that the U.S.
would not interfere in the
affairs of European Nations
or existing colonies of the
European nations.
 U.S. would oppose any
attempt to build new
colonies in the Americas.
 Warned European Nations
not to attempt to regain
control of the independent
Nations of Latin Amer.
 Doctrine successfully
challenged European
Intervention (direct
Involvement), in Latin
America.
Checking for Understanding!!!
 Who was Father
Miguel Hidalgo?
 Who were known as
the Black Seminoles?
 What was the Monroe
Doctrine?