PHOTOSYNTHESIS &
RESPIRATION
What is ATP?

ATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate

Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphates
Phosphate
Adenine
Ribose
Triphosphate
ADENOSINE
Why ATP?

Phosphates have a large amount of chemical energy.
Whenever a bond holding a phosphate is broken, a large
amount of usable cellular energy is released.
ADENOSINE
P
P
P
ENERGY
ADENOSINE
P
P
P
ATP CYCLE


Occurs continuously in cells
About 10 million new ATP molecules are made in every
cell every second!!!
2. Releasing Energy
Energy released by
breaking bonds – used
to power cells
1. Stored Energy
Energy stored in
chemical bonds.
4. Making ATP
Energy released by other
chemical reactions and
processes can be used to
bond a phosphate to ADP to
make ATP
3. Energy Depleted
ADP has less
chemical energy
than ATP
ADP
+
P
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Series of complex chemical processes that
convert light energy into carbohydrates
 Overall Equation
light + H2O + CO2
C6H12O6 + O2
 Occurs in Chloroplasts
 Two types of reactions –

Light Dependent
Light Independent (aka. Calvin Cycle, Dark rxn)
Photosynthesis Overview
Fill in the picture on the top left of notes as
animation plays
 http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/
bio111/animations/0054.swf

FOCUS On . .

Light dependent reaction
Occurs in thylakoid membrane

Photolysis of H2O
Light + 2H2O
4H+ + O2

Make NADPH & ATP

http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter10/animations.html#
FOCUS On . .





Light Independent Reaction – CALVIN CYCLE
Occurs in Stroma of Chloroplast
Use of CO2 to create Glucose (C6H12O6)
Use of ATP & NADPH from Light reactions
 ATP for energy to power chemical reactions
 NADPH – hydrogen source to add to CO2 to make
sugars
Must cycle through 6 times in order to create one
glucose molecule
http://academic.kellogg.edu/herbrandsonc/bio111/animati
ons/0055.swf
Falcon Five 10/20 – Test your photosynthetic knowledge:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The Calvin Cycle includes
a. Light dependent rxns b. electron transport chain c. light independent
rxns
The Calvin Cycle takes place in the
a. mitochondria
b. stroma
c. nucleus
d. thylakoid
membrane
What product of the light dependent rxn is used in the Calvin Cycle
a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide
c. NADPH
d. chlorophyll
What is used in the first step of the Calvin Cycle
a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide
c. hydrogen
d. water
How many rounds of the Calvin Cycle are needed to form one glucose
molecule?
a. one
b. six c. two d. three
Describe the two energy storing steps of photosynthesis.
Cellular Respiration

Where does the Glucose (C6H12O6) & O2 from
photosynthesis go?

Used by both plant & animal cells to create ATP!!!
 Releases
energy
 Makes cell energy
 Close to the reverse of photosynthesis !
Cellular Respiration Equation
O2 + C6H12O6 → CO2 + H2O + ATP
Cellular Respiration

3 step process
 Glycolysis
 Krebs
Cycle/Citric
Acid Cycle
 Electron Transport
Chain
Step 1: GLYCOLYSIS
2 ATP
2 ADP
4 ADP
4 ATP
Glucose
2 - Pyruvate
2 - PGAL
2 NAD
2 NADH
•Occurs in Cytoplasm of cell
•Anaerobic process (no O2 required)
•Net production of 2 ATP (make 4 but use 2)
•Releases only 2% of chemical energy that is stored in Glucose
Step 2: Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle




Occurs in Mitochondria
Matrix
Requires presence of
O2
2 Pyruvate from
Glycolysis transformed
into Acetyl CoA &
enters cycle
Net production of:



2 ATP
2 FADH
6 NADH
Step 3 – Electron Transport Chain



Remaining energy of
glucose in electrons
carried by NADH &
FADH
NADH & FADH enter
electron transport
chain in mitochondria
cristae
Produce 32 more ATP
From Alteration of
Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
From Krebs Cycle
Summary of Cellular Respiration
CO2
In Matrix
In Cristae
H2O
2
2
32
What if there is not enough or no
O2 present?

Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast)
Pyruvate + NADH → Ethanol + NAD + CO2
Used in baking, beer & wine production

Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvate + NADH → Lactic Acid + NAD
Strenuous exercise = can’t get all the O2 your cells need
so use lactic acid fermentation = Sore muscles!!!