Warm-Up
August 15, 2013
1. Have name card on desk.
2. Have textbook, binder/notebook, calculator, and signed
portion of letter on desk.
3. What is chemistry?
4. How have you encountered/experienced chemistry
today?
5. What are the major parts of the scientific method?
6. Write two examples of a qualitative observation, and
two examples for a quantitative observation.
7. The two main types of products from the scientific
method are _____ and ______.
Warm-Up
August 16, 2013
1. Have name card on desk.
2. Have textbook, binder/notebook, calculator, and signed
portion of letter on desk.
What is chemistry?
How have you encountered/experienced chemistry today?
What are the major parts of the scientific method?
If a stack of 7 quarters is 1 inch high, how many dollars are
in a stack that is 8 feet tall?
7. An average tree makes 2 x 105 toothpicks. Toothpicks are
packaged 50 in a box. Each package costs 0.59. How much
will it cost in dollars to buy all the toothpicks from 1 average
tree?
8. 2 +3(x+5) -7 = 327. What is x?
3.
4.
5.
6.
Agenda
August 16, 2013
-Review scientific method and demonstration
-Practice identifying different aspects of the scientific method.
-Describing Matter: States and Changes
-Classifying Matter
-Brief History of Chemistry
-The Atom
HOMEWORK
-Read pgs 4-9
-Section Review pg 9: 2-13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
- Bring a Ziploc bag with cereal. Take a picture of the
nutritional facts.
Warm-Up
August 19, 2013
1. Have name card on desk.
2. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in with
me at the front.
3. Boron is a good conductor of electricity at high
temperatures. What sort of observation is this?
4. Oppositely charged particles attract each other. Is
this a law, theory, a hypothesis, an observation?
5. Which state has a definite volume, but no definite
shape? Explain why by discussing about atoms and the
attractive forces.
6. What are some evidence of a chemical change?
Agenda
August 19, 2013
-Review changes of matter and demonstration
-Go over homework and workbook assignment
-Activity on classifying matter
-Classifying Matter
-Brief History of Chemistry
-The Atom
HOMEWORK
-Read pgs 21-28
-Section Review pg 28: 1,3-9, 11,13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
Warm-Up
August 20, 2013
1. Have name card on desk.
2. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in with
me at the front.
3. Boron is a good conductor of electricity at high
temperatures. What sort of observation is this?
4. Oppositely charged particles attract each other. Is
this a law, theory, a hypothesis, an observation?
5. Which state has a definite volume, but no definite
shape? Explain why by discussing about atoms and the
attractive forces.
6. What are some evidence of a chemical change?
Agenda
August 20, 2013
-Review changes of matter and demonstration
-Go over homework and workbook assignment
-Activity on classifying matter
-Classifying Matter
-Brief History of Chemistry
-The Atom
HOMEWORK
-Read pgs 21-28
-Section Review pg 28: 1,3-9, 11,13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
Warm-Up
August 21, 2013
1. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in with me
at the front.
2. Classify the following as either matter, not matter, or not
sure: peanut butter, water, fish, light, garbage, time, motion,
the human brain, a feeling, carbon dioxide, air, yourself, an
idea, tree, energy.
3. Classify as either a physical or a chemical change: squeezing
oranges to make orange juice; an iron nail rusting; adding
sugar to iced tea; making popcorn; lighting a match.
4. Classify if the following has a homogeneous or a
heterogeneous distribution: water with ice; chicken noodle
soup; a bowl of lucky charms; a supreme pizza; water with
food coloring; a bag of skittles; a bar of chocolate
Agenda
August 21, 2013
-Prep for Cereal Activity
-Review Classification Activity and lecture.
- Properties of Matter
-Describing Matter using numbers
-Significant Figures
-Wrap up Chapter 1
HOMEWORK
-Read pgs 10-19
-Section Review pg 28: 1,3-9, 11,13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
QUIZ August 21, 2013
1. What is a pure substance that is made of only one kind
of atom?
2. What is a pure substance that is made up of more than
one kind of element?
3. A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances/ingredients that are [CHEMICALLY,
PHYSICALLY] combined.
Warm-Up
August 22, 2013
1. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in with me
at the front.
2. Classify the following as either matter, not matter, or not
sure: peanut butter, water, fish, light, garbage, time, motion,
the human brain, a feeling, carbon dioxide, air, yourself, an
idea, tree, energy.
3. Classify as either a physical or a chemical change: squeezing
oranges to make orange juice; an iron nail rusting; adding
sugar to iced tea; making popcorn; lighting a match.
4. Classify if the following has a homogeneous or a
heterogeneous distribution: water with ice; chicken noodle
soup; a bowl of lucky charms; a supreme pizza; water with
food coloring; a bag of skittles; a bar of chocolate
Warm-Up
August 22, 2013
1. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in with
me at the front.
2. Get a workbook. Open to page 1. Answer questions 2 –
25. Skip #24. Answer on warmup paper.
Agenda
August 22, 2013
-Prep for Cereal Activity
-Review Classification Activity and lecture.
- Properties of Matter
-Describing Matter using numbers
-Significant Figures
-Wrap up Chapter 1
HOMEWORK
-Read pgs 10-19
-Section Review pg 28: 1,3-9, 11,13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
QUIZ August 22, 2013
1. What is a pure substance that is made of only one kind
of atom?
2. What is a pure substance that is made up of more than
one kind of atom?
3. A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances/ingredients that are [CHEMICALLY,
PHYSICALLY] combined.
Warm-Up
August 23, 2013
1. If you did not have a calculator last week, check in with me
at the front.
2. What is a pure substance that is made of only one kind of
atom?
3. What is a pure substance that is made up of more than one
kind of atom?
4. A mixture is a combination of two or more
substances/ingredients that are CHEMICALLY COMBINED
or PHYSICALLY MIXED.
5. Differentiate between the two types of physical properties.
In other words, how are the two types different from one
another?
Agenda
August 23, 2013
-Review Classification and Properties of Matter lecture.
-Describing Matter using numbers
-Significant Figures
-Wrap up Chapter 1
HOMEWORK
-Section Review pg 19: 2, 5, 6, 8-13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
QUIZ August 23, 2013
1. Mass measures…
2. Weight measures…
3. Density is the ratio of …
QUIZ August 23, 2013
1. Mass measures…
2. Weight measures…
3. Density is the ratio of …
Warm-Up
August 26, 2013
1. How is an element different from a compound?
2. How is a mixture different from a compound?
3. What are the four guidelines for identifying a chemical
change?
4. Differentiate between the two types of physical
properties. In other words, how are the two types
different from one another?
5. How is a homogeneous mixture different from a
heterogeneous mixture? Provide an example.
Agenda
August 26, 2013
-Go over Section Review 1.3
-Review Classification and Properties of Matter.
-Begin section on Describing Matter using numbers
-Significant Figures
-Wrap up Chapter 1
HOMEWORK
-Read pgs 10-19
Warm-Up
August 27, 2013
1. How are mass and weight different?
2. What does density measure?
3. How is density calculated?
4. Which weighs more: a pound of brass blocks or a pound
of marshmallows? Which is more dense?
5. What is the difference between a qualitative
observation and a quantitative observation?
Agenda
August 27, 2013
-Converting Units
-Significant Figures
-Wrap up Chapter 1
HOMEWORK
-Section Review pg 19: 2, 5, 6, 8-13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
Warm-Up
August 28, 2013
1. Workbook page 5, #13 and 14
2. Workbook page 6, # 16-30
3. Complete on same warmup paper from Monday
Agenda
August 28, 2013
-Converting Units
-Significant Figures
-Wrap up Chapter 1
HOMEWORK
-Section Review pg 19: 2, 5, 6, 8-13
do NOT need to write questions, only answers.
QUIZ August 28, 2013
1. Mass measures…
2. Weight measures…
3. Density is the ratio of …
Warm-Up
August 29, 2013
1. Workbook page 5, #13 and 14
2. Workbook page 6, # 16-30
Complete on same warmup paper from Tuesday
Agenda
August 29, 2013
-More practice on converting units
-Significant Figures
-Wrap up Chapter 1
HOMEWORK
-Worksheet: 37b – 48, SKIP 40 abc, 42abcd
SHOW WORK, no work = no credit
HAVE CORRECT # of SIG FIGs.
Warm-Up
September 3, 2013
1. Solids have a definite shape and volume because the
strength of the attractive forces between the atoms are
strong. To which part of the scientific method does this
statement belong?
2. When solving problems of converting units, you always need
the ______ ______. How do you know which part of the
_____ _____ will be the numerator and which will be the
denominator?
3. A football field is 100 yards in length. How long is a football
field in meters if 1 m = 1.094 yds?
4. How much American dollars would you need to buy a $537
Australian dollar iPhone in Australia if the exchange rate is 1
US dollar = 1.13 Australian dollars?
Agenda
September 3, 2013
-Go over homework
-Significant Figures
HOMEWORK
-Worksheet: 37b – 48, SKIP 40 abc, 42abcd, 43
Warm-Up
September 4, 2013
1. Solids have a definite shape and volume because the
strength of the attractive forces between the atoms are
strong. To which part of the scientific method does this
statement belong?
2. When solving problems of converting units, you always need
the ______ ______. How do you know which part of the
_____ _____ will be the numerator and which will be the
denominator?
3. A football field is 100 yards in length. How long is a football
field in meters if 1 m = 1.094 yds?
4. How much American dollars would you need to buy a $537
Australian dollar iPhone in Australia if the exchange rate is 1
US dollar = 1.13 Australian dollars?
Agenda
September 4, 2013
-Go over homework: Holt pg 19 and worksheet
-More practice with significant figures
HOMEWORK
-Worksheet: 56-60, 65, 68-69
Warm-Up
September 6, 2013
1. How many significant figures?
1.234
10007
17000000
0.000000000017
0.00001007000
10700.000
2. What are the four signs that signal a chemical change?
3. Distinguish mass and weight.
4. Distinguish law and theory.
5. Distinguish elements, molecules, compounds, pure
substances, and mixtures.
Agenda
September 6, 2013
-Go over worksheet homework
-More practice with significant figures
HOMEWORK
-Worksheet: 56-60, 65, 68-69
Warm-Up
September 9, 2013
1. How many significant figures?
1.234
10007
17000000
0.000000000017
0.00001007000
10700.000
2. What are the four signs that signal a chemical change?
3. Distinguish mass and weight.
4. Distinguish law and theory.
5. Distinguish elements, molecules, compounds, pure
substances, and mixtures.
Warm-Up
September 10, 2013
1. A bowl of Lucky Charms is PURE SUBSTANCE or
MIXTURE? What type of PURE SUBSTANCE or
MIXTURE?
2. What are the two types of physical properties?
3. “An object in motion will always stay in motion.” – To
which part of the scientific method does this belong?
4. How do we solve: 1.3 = 2345
x
5. What is the formula for density?
Agenda
September 10, 2013
-Go over worksheet homework
-More practice with significant figures
HOMEWORK
-Study for Exam
-Bring calculator
-Bring textbook for next class.
Warm-Up
1. How many sig figs?
30.06 m
0.0015 m
September 12, 2013
2.7 m
1.200 m
2. When we add or subtract, we get the sig fig by
_________.
3. When we multiply or divide we get the sig fig by
______.
4. Add all the numbers above and round to the proper sig
fig.
5. Multiply all the numbers from problem 1 and round to
the proper sig fig.
Agenda
September 11, 2013
-Exam
HOMEWORK
Why Chemistry?
Why Chemistry?
Understanding chemistry is ESSENTIAL for
understanding much of the natural word, and
because chemistry is central to many other
disciplines
Why Chemistry?
Understanding chemistry is ESSENTIAL for
understanding much of the natural word, and
because chemistry is central to many other
disciplines
What is Chemistry?
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter.
What is matter?
What is Chemistry?
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and
occupies space.
Essentially, matter = stuff.
What is Chemistry?
If matter = stuff
And chemistry is the study of matter,
Then chemistry is the study of…
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of stuff, or to
be proper
Chemistry is the study of matter.
What is Chemistry?
The properties of matter are determined by the
properties of atoms and molecules.
What are properties?
In other words, the properties of stuff is really
determined by the properties of the atoms/molecules
that make up that stuff.
What is Chemistry?
MAIN IDEA: properties of stuff is
based on the properties of the
atoms/molecules that make up the
stuff.
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter, or
“stuff.” Chemistry studies
matter/stuff by looking at the
properties of the atoms/molecules
that make up matter/stuff.
Scientific Method
Scientific Method
-used in most fields of science
- scientists use it
-Involves steps to answer a scientific question
-Can be used in life or death situations
-Involves a hypothesis and observations.
Components of the
Scientific Method
4 main components
-Observation
-Hypothesis
-Experiment
-Data
-Law
-Theory
Qualitative
Quantitative
-Describes properties
-Does not rely on numbers
-Are measurements that
involve NUMBERS and
UNITS
-Examples
-Clouds are white
-Rocks are solids
-Examples
-This book weighs 20
pounds.
-The temperature is 78
degrees C
Law
-WHAT
-Summarizes the
observations
-Usually does not change
Theory
-WHY
-Provides the underlying
reason(s) for the
observations
-Can change as we gather
more data
1. Measured amounts of acid were added to a Rolaids
tablet to see whether it really consumes 41 times its
actual weight of excess stomach acid.
2. Heat always flows from hot objects to cooler ones, not
the other way around.
3. The universe was formed by a massive explosion that
propelled matter into a vacuum.
4. Michael Jordan is the greatest pure shooter ever to
play professional basketball.
5. Limestone is relatively insoluble in water but dissolves
readily in dilute acid with the evolution of a gas.
6. Gas mixtures that contain more than 4% hydrogen in are
potentially explosive.
Describing Matter
States and Changes
States of Matter
States of Matter
Molecular workbench simulation
Changes of Matter
Matter can go through changes.
These changes can be classified into two categories:
1. Physical Change
2. Chemical Change
Changes of Matter
Matter can go through changes.
These changes can be classified into two categories:
1. Physical Change
2. Chemical Change
1. Physical Change:
- These are changes in the arrangement, location, and
speed of the particles.
- Ice melting, water freezing, crushing a rock.
Changes of Matter
Guidelines for Identifying Chemical
Change
Evidence of Chemical Change
Evidence of Chemical Change
Classifying Matter
Organizing Matter into
Different Categories
Classifying Matter
ALL matter is made up of atoms.
Classifying Matter
ALL matter is made up of atoms.
When something is made up of only one type of atoms, it is
called and ELEMENT
Classifying Matter
ALL matter is made up of atoms.
When something is made up of
only one type of atoms, it is
called and ELEMENT.
When two or more atoms are
combined, we call that
a MOLECULE.
Classifying Matter
ALL matter is made up of atoms.
When something is made up of only one type of atoms, it is
called and ELEMENT
When two or more atoms are combined, we call that a
MOLECULE.
When those atoms are different from one another,
we call that a COMPOUND.
Note that a compound is a type of
molecule.
Classifying Matter
When matter, when a stuff is made up of only one type of
ELEMENT or COMPOUND, we call that a PURE
SUBSTANCE.
Classifying Matter
When matter, when a stuff is made up of only one type of
ELEMENT or COMPOUND, we call that a PURE
SUBSTANCE.
Or, to say in another way…when stuff is made of only one
ingredient (one type of element or one type of compound),
we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.
Classifying Matter
Or, to say in another way…when stuff is made of only one
“ingredient” (one type of element or one type of
compound), we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.
When stuff is made up of more than one PURE
SUBSTANCE it is called a MIXTURE.
Classifying Matter
Or, to say in another way…when stuff is made of only one
“ingredient” (one type of element or one type of
compound), we call that a PURE SUBSTANCE.
When stuff is made up of more than one PURE
SUBSTANCE it is called a MIXTURE.
Note: Mixtures are physically mixed. They are not
chemically combined.
Classifying Matter
When stuff is made up of more than one PURE
SUBSTANCE it is called a MIXTURE.
Note: Mixtures are physically mixed. They are not
chemically combined.
If the mixture is mixed really well, if the pure substances
are mixed evenly, we call that a HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE.
Classifying Matter
If the mixture is mixed really well, if the pure substances
are mixed evenly, we call that a HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURE.
If the mixture is not mixed well, if the pure substances
are NOT mixed evenly, we call that a HETEROGENOUS
MIXTURE.
Classifying Matter based on composition
Classifying Matter based on composition
Identify each substance as a compound, element, a
heterogeneous mixture, or a homogeneous mixture.
A. white wine
B. mercury
C. italian dressing
D. table sugar
Classifying Matter based on composition
Identify each as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous
mixture, or a homogeneous mixture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Tea
Gold
Freshly squeezed orange juice
Compact disc
H 2O
Carbon dioxide
Aluminum oxide: Al2O3
Classifying Matter based on composition
Properties of Matter
Changes to matter are either physical or chemical.
Physical changes change the PHYSICAL properties of
matter.
Chemical changes are based on the CHEMICAL properties
of matter.
Changes to matter are either physical or chemical.
Physical changes change the PHYSICAL properties of
matter.
Chemical changes are based on the CHEMICAL properties
of matter.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY: describes a substance’s ability to
participate and change in a chemical reaction.
Changes to matter are either physical or chemical.
Physical changes change the PHYSICAL properties of
matter.
2 Types of Physical Properties:
Intensive
Extensive
2 Types of Physical Properties:
Intensive
Extensive
2 Types of Physical Properties:
Intensive
Extensive
Intensive: does NOT vary with amount of sample.
Examples: smell, color, melting point, boiling point,
ability to conduct a current.
2 Types of Physical Properties:
Intensive
Extensive
Intensive: does NOT vary with amount of sample.
Examples: smell, color, melting point, boiling point,
ability to conduct a current.
Extensive: DOES vary with amount of sample.
Examples: Mass, weight, volume.
Intensive vs. Extensive Physical Property
Intensive
Extensive
does NOT vary with
amount of sample.
DOES vary with amount of
sample.
Examples: smell, color,
melting point, boiling point,
ability to conduct a
current, etc.
Examples: Mass, weight,
volume, etc.
Describing Matter Using Numbers
Measuring Extensive Physical Property
Volume – amount of space than an object takes
Mass – measures amount of matter in an object.
Mass is NOT the same as Weight
Weight = is a measure of force. Weight measures the
amount of gravity that is pulling an object.
Derived Units
Speed
Area
Volume
Density
Converting Units
Powers of 10
1. Convert 253 mL into liters
2. Convert 1258 cm into meters
3. Convert 15g to kilograms
4. Convert 1254 kilocalories to calories
5. How many seconds pass in 5.25 hours?
Converting Units and Dimensional Analysis
1. A pin is 2.85 cm in length. What is its length in inches if
there are 2.54 cm in 1 in?
2. A pencil is 7.00 in. long. What is its length in
centimeters? 2.54 cm per 1 in.
3. You want to order a bicycle with a 25.5 in frame, but
the sizes in the catalog are given only in centimeters.
What size should you order? 1 in = 2.54 cm.
Converting Units and Dimensional Analysis
1. A student entered a 10.0 km. How long is the run in
miles?
1000 m = 1 km
1 m = 1.094 yd
1 mi = 1760 yd
Converting Units and Dimensional Analysis
1. The speed limit on many highways in the United States
is 55 mi/hr. What number would be posted if we used
kilometers per hour?
1 mi = 1760 yd
1 m = 1.094 yd
Converting Units and Dimensional Analysis
1. A Japanese car is advertised as having a gas mileage of
15 km/L. Convert this rating to miles per gallon.
1 m = 1094 yd
1 mi = 1760 yd
1 L = 1.06 qt
4 qt = 1 gal
Significant Figures
Where to Round
Precision vs. Accuracy
Accuracy
Precision
Precision vs. Accuracy
Accuracy – how close a measurement is to the actual value.
Precision – how close the measurements are to other
qunatitative data.
Rules for Significant Figures
1. All nonzero #’s ARE significant.
2. Interior zeroes ARE significant.
3. Leading zeroes ARE NOT significant.
4. Trailing zeroes AFTER a decimal point ARE significant.
5. Trailing zeroes BEFORE a decimal point ARE significant
6. Trailing zeroes without a decimal point?
How many significant figures?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
218 kg
0.025 L
200 g
1.05 cm
200.0 mg