Inside Earth: Chapter 1- Plate
Tectonics
Section 1: Earth’s Interior
What caused a 2.5 square
kilometer landmass to form in
the ocean off the coast of
Iceland in 1963?
• An erupting volcano underneath the
ocean caused an island form and to
continually to grow in size for many
years
What did the Icelanders name
this landmass? Who did they
name it after?
• Icelanders named their new landmass
Surtsey the god of fire
The Science of Geology
A scientist who studies the
forces that make and shape
planet Earth are called
______.
• geologists
Geologists study the _____
and _____ characteristics of
______, the material that
forms the surface of Earth.
• Chemical
• Physical
• Rock
Geologists divide the forces
that change the earth’s surface
into two groups: _____ _____
& _____ _____.
• Constructive forces
• Destructive forces
The force that builds up
mountains and other landforms
is known as a ______.
• Constructive Force
The force that slowly wears away
at mountains and eventually, every
other feature on the surface of
Earth is known as a _____ force.
• Destructive force
List some other examples of
this type of a constructive
force.
• Islands from volcanoes
• Flooding-fertile soil
• Weather-rain
List some examples of this type
of destructive force.
• Ocean waves
• Weathering&erosion
• Earthquakes
Continent
• A Landmass that is surrounded by
water on all sides
• Earth has seven continents
Figure 2: Observing – What
are the geologists in each
picture doing?
• The geologist in
the top picture are
studying the
characteristics of
a cave
• The geologist in
the bottom picture
is investigating
rock layers
Geologists examine the
layers of Earth to answer
what three questions?
• How old is Earth?
• How has Earth’s surface changed over
time?
• Why are there oceans, and how did
they form?
Checkpoint: What kind of
indirect evidence do geologists
use to study the structure of
Earth?
• Geologists record seismic waves and
study how they travel through Earth
Guide For Reading: What
does a geologist do?
• Geologists study the processes that
create Earth’s features and search
for clues about Earth’s history.
A Journey to the Center
of the Earth
Describe the features of a
vehicle that would be needed to
travel to the center of Earth.
•
•
•
•
A drill
A pressure detecting device
A temperature detecting device
A device that detects composition
Describe the temperature
change that takes place as the
depth inside Earth increases.
• Rock near the surface would be cool
• About 20 meters down the rock gets
warmer
• For every 40 meters that descends a
temperature increases 1°C
The force pushing on a surface
or area is known as _______.
• Pressure
Why does the pressure
increase as you go deeper into
Earth?
• The pressure increases as you go
deeper inside the earth because
amount and weight of the rock
increases
Figure 4: Comparing & Contrasting
– How is the water in the swimming
pool similar to Earth’s interior?
How is it different?
• The deeper the water
in the pool, the
greater the pressure,
just as pressure is
greater the deeper
you go beneath the
surface of Earth
• The water in the pool
does not have layers
Guide For Reading: What are
the main layers of Earth’s
surface?
• The three main layers make up
Earth’s interior:
• The crust
• The mantle
• The core
• Each layer has its own conditions and
materials
The oceanic crust is made of
_____, a dark, dense rock with
fine texture.
• Basalt
The continental crust is made
of ______, which is made of
larger crystals, is less dense
and is lighter in color.
• Granite
Figure 5: Comparing & ContrastingWhich rock looks as if it’s made up
of one material? of Several
materials?
• The basalt looks
like it’s made of
one material
• The granite looks
like it’s made of
several materials.
Earth’s Magnetic Field
Figure 7: Relating Cause & Effect –
If you shifted the magnet beneath
the paper, what would happen to
the iron filings?
• The iron filings
would move with
the magnet, again
forming the same
pattern above the
magnet’s new
position.
What happens in Earth’s
interior to produce Earth’s
magnetic field?
• Currents in the liquid outer core
force the solid inner core to spin
• Like a planet within a planet, the inner
core spins inside Earth at a slightly
faster rate than the rest of the
planet
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
20 km
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
Name of Layer
Composition
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
20 km
crust
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
Composition
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
Solid rock
2,000 km
4,000 km
6,000 km
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
Solid rock
2,000 km
mantle
4,000 km
6,000 km
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
Solid rock
2,000 km
mantle
Solid or molten
material
4,000 km
6,000 km
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
Solid rock
2,000 km
mantle
Solid or molten
material
4,000 km
Outer core
6,000 km
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
Solid rock
2,000 km
mantle
4,000 km
Outer core
Solid or molten
material
Molten iron &
nickel
6,000 km
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
Solid rock
2,000 km
mantle
4,000 km
Outer core
Solid or molten
material
Molten iron &
nickel
6,000 km
Inner core
Sharpen Your Skills
Creating Data Tables
Imagine that you have invented a super-strong vehicle that can resist extremely
high pressure as it bores a tunnel deep into Earth’s interior. You stop several times
on your trip to collect data using devices located on your vehicle’s outer hull. To
see what conditions you would find at various depths on your journey, refer to
Exploring Earth’s Interior on pages 22-23. Complete the table below.
Depth
Name of Layer
Composition
20 km
crust
Solid rock, mainly
granite and basalt
100 km
mantle
Solid rock
2,000 km
mantle
4,000 km
Outer core
6,000 km
Inner core
Solid or molten
material
Molten iron &
nickel
Solid iron & nickel