Medical Microbiology Final Exam Review
Fall 2013
Chapter 1 – The Value of Microbiology
Important scientists
Koch’s postulates
Branches of Microbiology (mycology, virology, etc. and what they study)
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Taxonomy
Chapter 2 – The Microscope
Parts of microscope
Important scientists
Chapter 3 – Basic Chemistry
Catalysts
Indicators
pH scale
Buffers
Carbohydrates: ATP, glucose
Criterion for being an organic molecule
Saturated and unsaturated fats
DNA and RNA
Chapter 4 – Favorable Environment for Bacterial Growth
Four phases of growth
pH for bacterial growth
optimal growth temperature for bacteria
Different types of growth conditions according to gas concentrations
Tools of the Laboratory
5 basic techniques to manipulate, grow, examine, and characterize microorganisms in the lab
(The Five I’s) and definitions of them
Subculture
Mixed Culture
Contaminated culture
Isolation methods
What is agar, what is it used for, and why we use it
Different types of stains
Chapter 5 – The Cellular Structure and Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Diffusion
Tonicity – hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic
What are cells
What type of cell are all bacteria
Osmosis
Cell organelles and their functions
Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
Structure of cell membrane
Chapter 6 – The Cellular Structure and Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells
Endospore
Toxin
Capsule
Slime layer
Gram positive bacteria, their structure, and how they stain
Gram negative bacteria, their structure, and how they stain
Structure of bacteria
Nucleoid
Conjugation
Chapter 7 The Structure and Behavior of Bacteria
Shapes of bacteria
How different shapes of bacteria are arranged (strep – chains; staph – clusters, etc.) and
examples
Chapter 9 – Fungi
Dermatophytes: definition and examples of mold and yeast dermatophytes
Pathogenic yeast and mold
What type of cell are molds and yeast?
Mycology
What are mycoses?
Chapter 10 – Parasites
Symbiosis
Causes of: head lice, genital infections, dysentery
Infestation
Infection
Emerging intestinal parasite
Chapter 12 – Viruses
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
Structure of viruses
Bacteriophage
Rabies Vaccine
Oncovirus
Oncogenic
Diseases/illnesses caused by viruses
Viruses that are linked to certain types of cancer
Chapters 14 – How Microorganisms Cause Infection
Fomites
How respiratory infections are spread
Incubation period
How infection is spread by direct contact
How infection is spread by indirect contact
Portals of entry into the body for pathogens
Chapter 15 – Body Defenses
Pus
How viruses kill
Three lines of defense
Function of white blood cells (leukocytes)
Chapter 16 – Immunity
Active immunity – natural and artificial
Passive immunity – natural and artificial
Allergic reaction
Autoimmune disorders
Chapter 17 – Vaccines and Immune Serums
Immune serums – what they are, why they are used
Antitoxins – what they are and why they are used
Edward Jenner