Goal 1
The foundations of American
values & principles of
Democracy
Reference
Ch. 1, Colonial North America, Ch. 2
1.01 Geographic influences on
colonies
Region
Colonies
Geography
Economy
North
MA, NH,
CT, RI
Long cold winters,
short season,
rocky soil
Fishing
shipbuilding
Sm. Farms
trade
NY, PA,
NJ, DE
Temperate,
Moderate season
Med. Farms
Trade
seaports
MD, VA,
NC, SC, GA
Warm,
Long season,
Good soil
Plantations
Cash crops
River access
Cities & towns for
trade
Middle
Large port cities
South
slavery
1.02 Development of ideas about selfgovernment

English tradition




1215 magna carta
1689 Bill of Rights
Parliament
Enlightened thinkers




American experience


1619 House of
Burgesses
1620 Mayflower
Compact
John Locke
Rousseau
Montesquieu
Salutary
Neglect
1.03 Causes of the American
Revolution

Policy of mercantilism


Salutary neglect



Led to economic resentment
Led to self-government
Resentment when status quo changed
French & Indian War


Taxation to pay for war
British troops now in America
1.04 The emergence of an American
Identity
Thought of
as an
American
Equality
?
Religious
freedom
American
Individual
opportunity
Public
Education,
Colleges
1.05 weaknesses of Articles of
Confederation







Confederation – loose alliance of states
Unicameral legislature
No executive or judicial branch
Only states could tax
Plus – established the
No regulation of trade
Northwest Ordinance
1787
State sovereignty
States printed money
1.06 Passing a new Constitution

Federalists



Favored a strong central
government
Published the
“Federalist Papers”
Antifederalists


Believed in states rights
Concerned that there
was no bill of rights
Compromise
Federalists promised to add a bill of
rights to the constitution
This was done in 1791
1.07 Bill of Rights
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RAPPS
Bear Arms
Soldiers
Search & Seizure
GED2S
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
JILSW2
Jury in civil case
Cruel & unusual
Rights to the people
Reserved powers
1.08 Compare American system to
other political systems
R EPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY
F E DERALISM
SE P ARATION OF POWERS
Others:
U NDER GOD
Monarchy
B Y THE PEOPLE
Communism
L IMITED GOVERNMENT
Dictatorship
Totalitarian
I NDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
C HECKS AND BALANCES
Key terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Civics
Citizen
Government
Immigrant
Naturalization
Mercantilism
Republic
confederation
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Federalism
Ratification
Habeas corpus
Census
Sovereignty
Antifederalists
Bill of Attainder
Visual Summary






P. 15 Path to citizenship
H5 13 colonies
H7 House of Burgesses
P. 37 weaknesses of Articles of
Confederation (A.O.C.)
P. 45 Origins of the Constitution
P. 46 Compare A.O.C. & Constitution
Goal 2
How our Constitution
supports our principles
Reference
Chapter 3, U.S. Constitution (P. 53)
2.01 Principles of the Constitution
Limited
Government
Checks
And
Balances
Popular
Sovereignty
Rule of
Law
Separation
Of
Powers
Federalism
2.02 Three branches of government
U.S.
Constitution
Legislative
Congress
Executive
President
Judicial
Supreme Court
Makes laws
Carries out the laws
Interprets the laws
2.03 Constitution grants and limits the
power of government
Enough power for
effective government
Government with too
much power
Delegated Powers
Powers denied
Art. I, Sec. 8
Art. I, Sec. 9
Supremacy
Clause
Reserved Powers
Powers denied states
Art. I, Sec. 10
2.04 Changing the Constitution
Proposed amendment
1. By 2/3 vote in
Congress
2. National Convention
requested by 2/3 of
the states
Ratification
1. State legislatures of
¾ the states
2. Conventions held in
¾ of the states
2.05/2.06 Court cases
Supreme law of the land
1. Marbury v. Madison
2. Gibbons v. Ogden
3. McCulloch v.
Maryland
4. Civil War – CSA had
to write new
constitutions
Rights of individuals
1. Bill of Rights
2. Miranda v. Arizona
3. Tinker v. Des Moines
2.07 Modern controversies related to the
Federalists vs. Anti-federalists debate
Loose constructionist
 Interpret constitution
to give wider powers
 Federal power to
enforce integration
 Electoral College
 Limits on certain types
of guns
Strict constructionist
 Only specific powers
written in Constitution
 States right to
maintain segregation
 Popular vote for
President
 Right to bear arms
2.08 Taxation and revenue at the
national level
Expenditures
Revenues
11%
10%
44%
12%
6%
47%
17%
18%
Entitlements
Defense
Other
35%
Discretionary
Interest
FITW
FICA
Corp Tax
Other
2.09 Services provided by government
agencies

National security






Homeland security
DOD
Foreign policy
Health & Human svcs


CPSC
FDA
Immigration &
Naturalization



Medicare
Medicaid
Public safety


Crime control



Border control
Immigration policy
FBI
DEA
Natural resources


National parks
Strategic reserve
Key terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Amendment
Popular sovereignty
Delegated powers
Concurrent powers
Reserved powers
Preamble
Legislative branch
Executive branch
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Judicial branch
Checks & balances
Separation of powers
Limited government
Veto
Supremacy clause
Electoral college
Visual Summary




P. 88-89 Goals of the Constitution
P. 95 Principles of limited government
P. 67 Federalism
P. 68 Amending the Constitution
Goal 3
How state and local
governments are established by
the NC Constitution
Reference
Ch. 8 and 9
3.01 Principles of the NC Constitution
and local charters
Protect
Individual
Rights
Peace
Defense
Gen. Welfare
1776
Popular
Sovereignty
Principles
1868
Separation
Of Powers
1976
Freedom from
Govt. Abuse
3.02 How the NC Constitution defines the
structure of state & local government
NC
Constitution
Legislative
General Assembly
Senate
50
House
120
Executive
Governor
Council Of
State
8 elected agencies
Judicial
Supreme Court (7)
Cabinet
10 agencies
Superior Court
Felonies
District Court
Misdemeanors
3.03 How the Constitution grants &
limits the authority of public officials
NC Constitution
Provides authority
& Limits for:
Governor
Council
Of
State
Cabinet
Courts
Functions & powers
General
Assembly
Provides
Authority to
Local officials
3.04 How can the NC Constitution &
local charters be changed?

Method 1


General Assembly calls
for convention w/ 2/3
vote
Citizens vote in
referendum to hold/not
hold a convention

Method 2

General Assembly
proposes an
amendment directly to
the voters by 3/5 vote
Proposed amendment is ratified or rejected by referendum
3.05 Analyze court cases that show the NC
Constitution is the supreme law of the state


Bayard v. Singleton 1787 – Supreme court ruled
that the General Assembly could not pass a law in
violation of the NC Constitution.
Leandro v. NC 1997 – Constitution guarantees a
“sound basic education”. It does not require that
equal educational opportunities be afforded in all
school districts. Local districts can supplement
school funding.
3.06 The 14th Amendment extends Bill of
Rights protections to citizens of a states


14th Amendment – guaranteed freed slaves
& all citizens equal protection under the law
and forbade any state from passing laws
which would deprive a person of life, liberty,
or property without due process of law
Barriers
 Brown v. Board of

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896


Separate but equal
“Jim Crow laws”
Ed. 1954 – separate but
equal is unconstitutional
 Civil rights laws
1960’s
3.07 Identify modern controversies related
to powers of state government

Education




Taxes & revenue



Must balance govt. services w/ keeping taxes low
Immigration policy
Security


Leandro case & funding to schools
Education lottery
End of integration busing
Protecting against terrorism v. individual privacy rights
Reapportionment
3.08 Taxation & revenue at the state
level
Spending
Revenue
5%10%
7%
12%
10%
54%
24%
Education
Safety
Services
Other
51%
27%
Income Tax
Corp Tax
Other
Sales Tax
Govt Transfers
3.09 Services provided by state and
local government



Public schools
Public health
transportation



Colleges
Courts
prisons
Key terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Missouri Plan
Full faith & credit
Extradition
Unicameral
Constituents
Initiative
Referendum
recall
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Governor
Patronage
Home rule
Grants in aid
Mayor – Council
Council – Manager
Commission
Visual summary



P. 204 Powers of the state
P. 236 Structures of local government
P. 301 Paying for government
Goal 4
Explore active roles of
citizens at all levels of
government
Reference
Ch. 10 and 11
4.01 The structure & organization of
political parties

Organization

Functions
National




National Convention
Platform
State


Provide
Leadership
Select
Candidates
Political
Party
Set Goals
Platform
Nominate candidates
Raise money
Watchdogs

Local



“Get out the vote”
Two party system
Multi-party system
Citizen organization
whose members seek
to influence & control
government
4.02 Describe the election process,
qualifications, and procedures for voting








Political party ----------- 
Democratic party ------ 
Political party ----------- 
Voters -------------------- 
Registration ------------- 
Primary election -------- 
Candidate --------------- 
Election of president -- 
Candidate
Republican party
National committee
Polling place
Voting
General election
Party platform
Electoral college
4.03 Analyze information on political
issues & candidates seeking office

Citizens responsibility to make informed
decisions

Why?


Their choice will affect their lives and many others
How?

Watch and read the mass media
Watch
Out
for
Bias!
4.04 Methods of promoting & inhibiting
change through political action
U.S. Constitution:
Dangers:
Citizen
Activism
• Marketplace of ideas
• Free, open society
• No slander or libel
• Criticism of your opinion
• Apathy
Voting
Petition
Public
Protest
Interest
Groups
4.05 Consequences of compliance &
noncompliance with laws
A nation of laws
Compliance
Noncompliance
Trust peoples behavior
Fear peoples behavior
Calm
Peaceful
Orderly
Criminal activity
Civil lawsuits
Anarchy
4.06 Describe the benefits of civic participation
4.08 Participate in civic life, politics, &
government
?
?
Brainstorm
?
?
4.07 Benefits of jury duty, voting,
seeking office, and civic action
“ Government
of the people,
by the people,
juries
for the people”
voting
influence policy
get out the vote
majority rule
volunteerism
4.09 Utilize methods of resolving
conflict

Our government
depends on the active
involvement of citizens


Tens of thousands of
government officials
Influencers of
government policy

Conflict resolution






Ability to collaborate
Negotiate
Compromise
Mediation
Arbitration
Civil courts
Key terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Political party
Political spectrum
Two-party system
Coalition
Third parties
Precinct
Platform
Electoral college
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Closed primary
Open primary
General election
Propaganda
Poll
Lobbyist
PAC
Interest group
Visual summary






P. 253 3rd party candidates
P. 266 Electing our leaders
P. 274 Propaganda techniques
P. 288 Influencers
P. 332 Role of the family
P. 390 Criminal justice system
Goal 5
How the political and legal
systems balance competing
interests & resolve conflicts
Reference
Ch. 5, 7, and 16
5.01 Evaluate the role of debate, consensus,
compromise, & negotiation in resolving conflict


The larger the group of people, the greater
the risk of conflict
Conflict resolution skills:



Debate – views presented in debate can change
another's viewpoint on a position
Consensus – building agreement thru
compromise & negotiation
Mediation or Arbitration – recommendation or
binding decision, respectively
5.02 Jurisdiction of state and federal
courts

Federal courts






Violations of federal law
U.S. named in case
Citizens/governments of
more than one state
Aliens
Waterways
State courts


Violations of state law
Disputes between
citizens/governments of
the state
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Concurrent Jurisdiction
violations of both federal and state law or suits of citizens of two states
more than $50,000
5.03 Describe the adversarial nature of
the judicial process

Criminal



Prosecutor (government)
vs.
Defendant
Jury – must decide. “Guilt
beyond a reasonable
doubt”
Judge

Civil



Plaintiff vs. Defendant
Jury ? – must determine
“Preponderance of
evidence”
Judge
Criminal cases ……………. matching
1.
2.
3.
4.
Arrest
Preliminary hearing
Indictment
Arraignment
 Not guilty or Guilty
5. Trial
6. Acquittal or
sentencing
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
Miranda rights
Grand Jury
Plea bargain
Testimony
Booked
Bail set
Trial date set
5.04 The role of debate and
compromise in the legislative branch

1.
2.
How a bill becomes law:
Introduced & numbered
Sent to committee
7.
Standing, Special, Joint,
Conference
9.

3.
4.
5.
6.
Debated on the floor
Sent to other House
Introduced & numbered
Sent to committee
8.
10.
Debated on the floor
To Conference
committee
Final approval
To the President


Sign into law
Hold


Law or “Pocket Veto”
Veto

2/3 vote to override
5.05 How local government agencies
balance interests & resolve conflicts



Local government most directly affects our
lives (home, school, business, community)
Local officials come from our community
Conflicts


City & county, homeowners & business, taxes,
public policy
Resolution

Public meetings, cooperation, establishing clear
rules
5.06 Roles of citizens, political parties, the
media, & interest groups in public policy,
dispute resolution, & government actions
Direct citizen
Contact of
legislators
People
power
Influences
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall
Media
Government is
responsible for
making public policy
Lobbyists
Key terms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Appropriation bill
Filibuster
Cloture
Pocket veto
Elastic clause
Common law
Constitutional law
jurisdiction
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Judicial review
Remand
Opinion
Probable cause
Arraignment
Acquit
Plea bargain
Visual summary





P. 141 Organization of Congress
P. 144 Powers of Congress
P. 151 How a bill becomes law
P. 191 Opinions: segregation
P. 390 Criminal justice system