What qualifies an organism to fit in
Plantae?
 Must be able to photosynthesize
 Almost unlimited growth in certain regions
 Have cells with cellulose
 Lack of organs to move
 No nervous system or sensory system
 Have haploid and diploid generations
(britannica,2007)
Distinguishing Characteristics of
Plantae Compared To Other
Kingdoms
BY: NADJA VAN BRENK
Plants Compared to…
Animals
 Plants: generally in one place,
chlorophyll
 Animals: can move on own
 Plants: make food, can’t sense
(usually)
 Animals: plants/ animals,
sensory + nervous system
 Plants: give oxygen + take in
CO2
 Animals: give CO2 + take in
oxygen
(mcwdn.org)
Difference Between Plants and…
Fungi






Plants: can make food, have
chlorophyll
Fungi: can NOT make food, no
chlorophyll
Plants: reproduce through pollen/seeds
Fungi: reproduce through spores
(reproductive unit) – (Google
Translate)
Plants: attach ground, cellulose,
produce biomass
Fungi: net filaments, chitin, decompose
biomass
(Difference Between.net)
Plants compared to…
Achaea
Eubacteria
 Plants: found in oxygen
 Plants: seeds/pollen
environments
 Achaea: only in oxygen
free environments
 Plants: reproduce
through seeds/pollen
 Achaea: reproduce
through “binary fission”
(Jirage, October 18,2012)
 Eubacteria: “binary
fission” (pinch off,
DNA splits)
(Chelius, Kent, Yannarell, Triplett)
Difference
Between
Plants and
Protista
 Plants: don’t move
 Protista: flagellum, cilia, or
amoeboid mechanisms
 Plants: cell wall
 Protista: usually no cell wall
 Protista: TINY.
(Caprette)
What do plants have?
•
•
•
•
•
Plants can make their own food
Sunlight, water + carbon dioxide = simple sugars
Terrestrial plants vascular system
Water from ground + into plant
Aquatic plants absorb water + nutrients leaves
What does it have?
• Plants take carbon dioxide
• Use for photosynthesis, +
release oxygen
• Plants have cell wall, cellulose +
pectin
• Plants rely third parties to
procreate
ex: wind, animals + water
What traits are required?
 Multi-cellular and develop from
embryos
 Photosynthesize, contain
chloroplasts
 Cellular-based cell walls
 Plants are eukaryotes
(Abedon,1997)
(Waters,2006)
Aloe Vera
Scientific name- Aloe vera or
Aloe barbadensis
(LINCOLNOSE2®, flickr, 2008)
(Olga berrios, 2008)
What is Aloe?
 Aloe is a Lilly like





plant
Is found in warm, dry
climates
Is grey-green with
about 25 leaves
The plant has little/no
stem
Has medical qualities
Native to Africa
(Sheep"R"Us, flickr, 2008)
Taxonomy of Aloe
Kingdom-Plantae
Subkingdom-Tracheobionta
Superdivision- Spermatophyta
Division-Magnoliophyta
Class-Liliopsida
Subclass-Liliidae
Order-Liliales
Family-Aloaceae
Genus-Aloe L
(USDA,2006)
Habitats
 Aloe was originally from Africa
 Now found in many warm climates
 Grown commercially in California, Texas, Florida
 Found in, America, Europe, Australia, Mediterranean
(Onekell, flickr, 2006)
(Pfatter, flickr, 2012)
(Samuel said,2003, Earlham, 2003)
Threats to Aloe
 Frost in the ground is



(Leonora Enking, 2010)

fatal
Flooding, roots can
drown
Animals will eat aloe
Deforestation,
humans taking its
habitat away
Also fires when
climate is dry
Human impact
 Humans use the plant for medicine
 We also plant and farm Aloe
 We've moved it to many countries
 Our deforestation takes away its habitat
(Gravitywave, flickr, 2005)
( jdong, flickr,
2007)
Medical benefits
 Heals wounds, cuts, burns





and constipation
Has agents to kill/control
infection
pain killing agents as well
Contains antiinflammatory fatty acids
has 23 immune
stimulators
Also 2 tumour fighting
ingredients
(Phuong Tran, flickr, 2010)
(flp, 2005)
References
Britannica.(2007, ). .Retrieved from http://kids.britannica.com/lm/passport/plant_kingdom.pdf
Samuel said.(2003, ). Forever living products.Retrieved from http://www.aloeria.co.uk/html/top_10_flp_facts.html
USDA(united states department of agriculture).(2006, ).Plants profile, aloe .Retrieved
from http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=alve2
Earlham college.(2003,April 4).Aloe Vera.Retrieved from http://legacy.earlham.edu/~banvael/aloevera.html
Lincolnose(2008)http://www.flickr.com/photos/lincolnose2/2262852050/
( Olga berrios, 2008) retrieved from march 4th 2013
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ofernandezberrios/2846295298/
One kell (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/onekell/125052894/
Augustsieben(2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/augustsieben/7148520631/
enkin (2010) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/33037982@N04/4248212766/
Jdong (2006) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jdong/626808472/sizes/m/in/photostream/
Gravity wave (2007) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/gravitywave/37176722/
Phuong (2009) retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/phuonglovejesus2782010/5558469173/
Sheeprus.(2008, ).Aloe Vera .Retrieved from retrieved from march 4th 2013 http://www.flickr.com/photos/sheeprus/2917537790.
Venus flytrap
BY: NADJA VAN BRENK
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Anthophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Nepenthales
Family: Droseraceae
Genus: Dionaea
(Arkive)
(Cepolina)
What is a Venus flytrap?
Definition:
 carnivorous plant,
catches + digests prey
(Google translate)
 Dionaea muscipula
 Dionaea – “diana”-
goddess of love + beauty
 Muscipula – mousetrap
 Venus – goddess
Aphrodite “Dione”
 flytrap – catches insects
(Matt, 2008, April 4)
 Stock- around <14 inches
Structure
 4-8 leaves (rosette formation)
 Short roots, cilia, trigger hairs,
lobes
(Carolina Carnivores, 2004)
 Tiny white flowers bloom- unless
Botanical Society of
America
cut (Vicynthia, May 21, 2012)
 Glands on lobes (nectar/digestive
juices)
 Interior= red/exterior= green
(Schnell, 2002)
Venus flytrap
Habitat
 Coast North + South





Carolina (savannas +
wetlands) –(Schnell, 2002)
Most plants can’t surviveflytraps can
Soil around pH 4-5
In peat, sand, or loam
Perennial
Habitat of not usually
below 32 F
(Meeker-O’Connell)
(Carolina Carnivores, 2004)
 timer @ one touch (range 20-40
How does it
catch it’s prey?
• Contains ion
channels
• Fires neurons
• Stimulated
mechanorecep
tion (chemical
+ electrical
changes)
(Rogers, 2009, July
31)
seconds)
 lobes snap shut (about 0.3
seconds)
 fluid shift + growth cells outer
surface
(Schnell, 2002)
How Does it
Catch it’s Prey
(Continued)
 not food = “spit” out 12h later
 The cilia will keep prey inside
 digestive fluids IN and bacteria
OUT
 After 4-5 openings, turns black +
dies
 slightly open after catching prey
(Meeker-O’Connell)
How does the
Venus flytrap
Digest the
Prey?
Size of prey
Temperature
How old the
Venus Fly
Trap is
# of times
going through
the process
(Botanical Society of
America)
 digestive juices + dissolves inner
NOT exoskeleton
5-12 days:
 Reabsorbs digestive juices +
opens up
(Meeker, O’Connell)
 Human beings
Endangerment
Status
 Logging and trying to stop
wildfires
 Poachers (for profit)
(Jennings, 2012, January 26)
(Baker, 2008, May 10)
Venus flytrap
Applications/Impacts
 extract to make an herbal





remedy
Liquid form/capsule
Injected/by mouth
Plumbagin – active
ingredient
Also: flavonoids, acids,
enzymes
Some people believe it
prevents cancers, etc.
(American Cancer Society, 2008)
References











References
Baker, M. (2008, May 10). USA Today. Retrieved February 25, 2013 from
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/environment/2008-10-05-venusflytraps_N.htm
Caprette, D.R. (n.d.). Experimental Biosciences. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from
http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bioslabs/studies/invertebrates/kingdoms.html
Chelius, M.K., Kent, A.D., Yannarell, A.C., & Triplett, E.W. (n.d.) Biology Reference. Retrieved
February 26, 2013 from http://www.biologyreference.com/Ep-Fl/Eubacteria.html
Jennings, A. (2012, January 26). abc News. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from
http://abcnews.go.com/US/endangered-venus-flytrap-poached-profit/story?id=15444075
Jirage, R. (2012, October 10). Buzzle. Retrieved February 26, 2013 from
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/characteristics-of-archaebacteria.html
Johnson, R.L, (2007). Carnivorous Plants. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Company.
Matt. (2008, April 4). FlyTrap Care. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from
http://www.flytrapcare.com/venus-fly-trap-background-information.html?start=3
Meeker-O’Connell, A. (n.d.) How Stuff Works. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/botany/venus-flytrap.htm
Roberts, A. (n.d.) Ehow Home. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7624155_relationship-between-venus-flytrap-insects.html
Rogers, K. (2009, July 31). Encyclopedia Britannica Blog. Retrieved February 11, 2013 from
http://www.britannica.com/blogs/2009/07/the-carnivorous-venus-flytrap/
References














Schnell, D.E. (2002). Carnivorous Plants of the United States and Canada (2nd Edition). Portland, Oregon: Timber
Press, Inc.
Tucker, A. (2010, February). Smithsonian.com. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/The-Venus-Flytraps-Lethal-Allure.html?c=y&page=1
Vicynthia. (2012, May 21). Tree-nation. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://www.treenation.com/forests/discussions/2038/highlight-a-fact-about-rainforests-flowers
Carolina Carnivores. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://carolinacarnivores.com/html/venus_flytrap.html
American Cancer Society. (2008, November 28). Retrieved February 11, 2013 from
http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/complementaryandalternativemedicine/herbsvitaminsan
dminerals/venus-flytrap
Archaea [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducingmicrobes/archaea
Plants. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from http://www.mcwdn.org/Plants/PlantsDiffer.html
My Carnivore. (n.d.) Retrieved February 11, 2013 from http://www.mycarnivore.com/venus-fly-trap-care.php
Carnivorous Venus Fly Trap- Carnivorous [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.cepolina.com/carnivorous-venusfly-trap.html
Difference Between.net. (n.d.) Retrieved February 26, 2013 from
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-fungi-and-plants/
BBC. (2009, December 2). Life- Venus Flytraps: Jaws of Death- BBC One [Video]. Available from
http://www.youtube.com/
Venus Flytrap closed [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaea-muscipula/imageG130819.html
The Mysterious Venus’ Flytrap. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www.botany.org/bsa/misc/carn.html
Arkive. (2006, June 6). Rice, Barry. Retrieved March 3, 2013 from http://www.arkive.org/venus-flytrap/dionaeamuscipula/image-G130819.html
Kingdom presentations
PITCHER PLANT
Pitcher plant
photo(2013)retrieved march 3,
2013, www.nikiwilson.com
Taxonomy
taxon
Pitcher plant
kingdom
Plantae
phylum
anthophyta
class
dictyledons
order
nepenthales
family
sarraceniaceae
genus
sarracenia
species
Sarracenia ruba
Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu
Nutrition
 Pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant
 Attracts prey by secreting nectar
 Primary food source is insects
 Feeds on nectar, moves into plant
 Then the prey falls into plant
 Enzymes released by special digestive glands
Malloy, Gerald(2008)bio web, retrieved march 3, 2013,
http://bioweb.uwlax.edu
Habitat
 Native to anyplace with right habitat
 Sunny bogs, covered in peat moss
 Soil they live in water logged
 Soil is low in minerals
 Soil has low pH levels
 Soil has low nitrogen levels
Mentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013,
www.ehow.com
Threats
 Loss of its wetland environment
 Air and water pollution, forest clearing
 Forest clearing
 Other man made environmental changes
 Loss of plant will affect ecosystem
U.S fish and wildlife service(January 11,
2012) retrieved march 3 2013,
www.fws.gov.com
Oien, Larry(september
7,2012)retrieved march 3, 2013,
www.flickr.com
Video
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya2ndp1OrPQ
References
General:
Martinez, Jessica (2013) Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com
Specific:
Malloy, Gerald(2008) Bioweb, retrieved march 3, 2013, http://bioweb.uwlax.edu
Mentzer Pond, Alissa(2013)Ehow, retrieved march 3, 2013, www.ehow.com
U.S fish and wildlife service(January 11,2012) retrieved march 3, 2013,
www.fws.gov.com
Pictures:
Oien, Larry(September 7, 2012) retrieved march 3, 2013, www.flickr.com (slide 5)
Pitcher plant photo (2013), retrieved march3, 2013, www.nikiwilson.com, (title)
)
BRUGMANSIA CANDIDA
Angel’s Trumpet
(Ghosh, 2008)
Taxonomy
 Kingdom- Plantae
 Phyla- Magnoliophyta(flowering)
 Class- Magnoliopsida
 Order- Solanales
 Family- Solanaceae
 Genus- Brugmansia
 Species- candida
(Murphy,2005)
(National Tropical
Botanical Garden, 2013)
Description
 Evergreen shrub
 Grows to be 10-20 feet tall
 The plant creates an umbrella-like canopy
 Flowers grow to 9-14 inches long
 Many colours: white, yellow, orange + pink
 All parts of plant are poisonous
(National Tropical
Botanical
Garden,2013)
Habitat
 Native to South America
(Butterfield, 2009)
 Runs from Columbia, down to southern Peru +
middle of Chile
 Grows best in damp conditions
 Can be grown in North America
- should in greenhouse, temperatures under 5°C
(National Tropical
Botanical Garden, 2013)
Hallucinogenic
 Scopolamine causes powerful hallucinations
 Plant induces a trance stage
 Affects violent, user may physically restrained
 Overdose symptoms:
convulsions, coma, permanent damage heart, death
(Porter,2009)
(TheDrugSafety.com,
2011)
Native Uses
 Drink hot + cold infusions, leaves + flowers
 Gound seeds into fermented maize beer
 Natives Brazil smoke leaves narcotic effect
 Believed to relieve asthma
(Valke,2010)
Top(Tropicals LLC,
2003 – 2013)
References
INFORMATION
A N G E L ’ S T R U M P E T. ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R U A R Y 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M
H T T P : / / T H E D R U G S A F E T Y. C O M / H E R B S / D A T U R A - A N D - B R U G M A N S I A /
BRUGMANSIA X CANDIDA.(NA).RETRIEVED FEBRUARY 26, 2013, FROM
H T T P : / / N T B G . O R G / P L AN T S / P L AN T _ D E TAI L S . P H P ? P L AN T I D = 11 8 5 0
D AT U R A . ( N A ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R U A R Y 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M
HTTP://TOPTROPICALS.COM/HTML/TOPTROPICALS/ARTICLES/SPECIAL.HTM
E V O L U T I O N O F P L A N T S ( 1 9 9 7 , M AY 1 9 ) . R E T R I E V E D F E B R U A R Y 2 6 , 2 0 1 3 , F R O M
H T T P : / / W W W . M A N S F I E L D . O H I O - S TAT E . E D U / ~ S A B E D O N / B I O L 3 0 6 0 . H T M
PICTURES
AN G E L’ S T R U M P E T [ P H O TO G R AP H ] . 2 0 0 8. R E T R I E V E D F R O M
H T T P : / / C O M M O N S . W I K I M E D I A . O R G / W I K I / F I L E : A N G E L T R U M P E T _ M O U N T S _ A S I T. J
PG
AN G E L’ S T R U M P E T [ P H O TO G R AP H ] . 2 0 0 9. R E T R I E V E D F R O M
HTTP: //W W W.FLICKR.COM/PHOTOS/VICTORIAPORTER/3267291508/
BESHARAM[PHOTOGRAPH]. 2010. RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP: //W W W.FOTOPEDIA.COM/ITEMS/FLICKR -2464316864
BRUGMANSIA[PHOTOGRAPH]. 2005. RETRIEVED FROM
H T T P : / / C O M M O N S . W I K I M E D I A. O R G / W I K I / F I L E : B R U G M AN S I A_ ( D E TAI L ) . J P G
BRUGMANSIA[PHOTOGRAPH]. 2009. RETRIEVED FROM
HTTP://JA.FOTOPEDIA.COM/ITEMS/FLICKR -40202916
RHUS GLABRA[PHOTOGRAPH]. 2006. RETRIEVED FROM
H T T P : / / W W W . F L I C K R . C O M / P H O T O S / T I M - W AT E R S / 1 8 5 5 8 7 2 6 9 /