Objective: How can we
describe the basic
characteristics of plants?
Do Now: Name all the
plants you saw today
List The 5 Characteristics of Plants
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
They perform photosynthesis to
make GLUCOSE.
Can NOT move from place to place.
They have CELL WALLS for support.
They are MULTICELLULAR and have
SPECIALIZED tissues.
Must have LIGHT, CO2, H2O, O2, and
minerals.
What is VASCULAR TISSUE??
- tube-like cells that transport
food & water through a plant.
How does vascular tissue help a
plant?
- allows plants to be large
organisms since it enables them
to transport important nutrients
from one part of a plant to
another.
What are the 2 kinds of vascular
tissue?
1.
2.
XYLEM – carries H2o from roots
(zylum) to leaves.
PHLOEM – FOOD from leaves to
(flowum) roots and vice versa.
What are the 2 kinds of plants?
1. Vascular = TRACHEOPHYTES
plants that have roots, stems and
leaves.
Ex: trees, flowers, grasses, ferns
2. Non-vascular = BRYOPHYTES
plants WITH NO roots, stems, or
leaves.
Ex: mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Objective: How can we
describe Roots, Stems, and
Leaves?
Do Now:
Describe some characteristics
of Plants.
What is a ROOT??
• organs of vascular plants (usually
below ground).
What are the FUNCTIONS of a root?
•
•
•
Anchor a plant to the ground
Collect water & minerals from the
soil
Store food, vitamins, minerals
What are the 2 KINDS OF ROOTS?
TAP ROOT
• large slender root used to store
food
• Ex: carrot, radish, dandelion
FIBROUS ROOT
• long branching roots.
• Ex: trees, grass
ROOT TIP DIAGRAM:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ROOT HAIR – absorbs H2O
CORTEX – stores food
EPIDERMIS – protective layer
ROOT CAP – protects root tip
PHLOEM – carries food
XYLEM – carries H2O up to leaves
GROWTH REGION – dividing
cells, area of growth.
Cross Section of a root
What is a STEM?
• organ which connects roots &
leaves.
FUNCTIONS:
• supports leaves for light
• Stores food
• Contain vascular tissue to
transport food & water.
What are the TYPES OF STEMS?
HERBACEOUS
soft, green, flexible
live 1-2 years
can do photosynthesis
ex: grass, tulips, weeds
-
WOODY
hard, brown, rigid
live many years
cannot do photosynthesis
ex: shrubs, trees
-
What are the rings in a tree trunk?
•
•
•
layers of old
xylem cells.
New xylem is
formed every
year by the
CAMBIUM
**Rings do not
form in
herbaceous
stems.
What is a LEAF?
plant organ that produces food
(glucose) by photosynthesis.
LEAF DIAGRAM:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CUTICLE – waxy layer, prevents H2O loss
EPIDERMIS –clear, protective layer of cells
PALLISADE LAYER- most photosynthesis occurs
here; cells w/lots of chloroplasts
SPONGY LAYER-little photosynthesis here
VEIN – vascular tissue (xylem & phloem)
STOMATE – pore for gas exchange
GUARD CELLS – open & close stomates
How do plants make their own food?
- by
the process of photosynthesis
- They use CHLOROPHYLL (green
pigment) to trap light energy and
store the energy in glucose.
Formula for photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O + sunlight + chlorophyll 
C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O
How does the plant get the reactants?
CO2 – enters leaf thru stomates
H2O – roots absorb it & xylem
carries it to leaf
LIGHT – from the sun
ENZYMES & CHLOROPHYLL are
made by the cells in the leaf.
What does the plant do with
the products?
GLUCOSE – broken down for energy
by mitochondria during respiration
OXYGEN + WATER are excreted
through the stomates.
What is the relationship between
photosynthesis & respiration?
THEY ARE OPPOSITES!
Respiration releases energy while
Photosynthesis stores energy
How are the reactants
different?
respiration – glucose & O2
photosynthesis – energy, CO2, H2O
How are the products different?
Resp. – energy, CO2, H2O
PS. - glucose & O2
Where do they occur in the cell?
Respiration occurs in the
mitochondria of ALL cells.
PS occurs in the chloroplasts of
SOME leaf cells.
Resp. = C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 + H2O + energy
PS = CO2 + H2O + light
C6H12O6 + O2