CELLS AND CELL
THEORY
© J Beauchemin
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING
THINGS
….(A REVIEW)
 are





made up of cells (organization).
respond to the environment.
have the ability to reproduce.
move.
grow and develop.
have DNA.
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF
CELLS….



The cell is the smallest unit of a living
thing.
If an organism is unicellular, all functions of life
happen within that one cell.
If an organism is multicellular, different cells
have different jobs and they all work together.
CELL THEORY- HOW IT CAME ABOUT
1660’s – Robert Hooke discovered the cell
 He looked at cork under the microscope
(30x) He noticed little compartments, which
he named after the little rooms that monks
lived in…”Cells”
 1670’s – Anton von Leeuwenhoek described
 microorganisms in pond water
 He looked at pond water under the microscope
(300x)
 He noticed that the water was full of moving
living
 things

CELL THEORY
 With
the invention of the microscope
and the contributions of many
scientists, a very important question
was answered in the1850’s.
 The
 Where
question was:
do cells come from?
CELL THEORY
 There
are three concepts to the cell
theory…



1. Every living thing is made up of one or more
cells.
2. Cells carry out the functions needed to
support life.
3. Cells come only from other living cells.
CELLS AND
ORGANELLES
© J Beauchemin
CELL ORGANELLES
 Organelle=
organ”
 Found
“little
only inside
eukaryotic cells
CELL MEMBRANE


Boundary of the cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayer- fatty, porous,
made also of phosphorus
 BAG-
 CELL:
 ziploc
NUCLEUS
 Control
center of the
cell
 Contains DNA
 Surrounded by a
double membrane
 Usually the easiest
organelle to see
under a microscope
 BAG CELL:
CHESNUT
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
 A.k.a.
“ER”
 Highway of the cell
 Rough ER: studded
with ribosomes; it
makes proteins
 Smooth ER: no
ribosomes; it
makes lipids (fats)
 BAG CELL:
RAMAN
NOODLES
RIBOSOME
 Where
protein is
made
 Found attached to
rough ER or
floating free
Cell bag- blue dots
GOLGI APPARATUS(BODY)
 Looks
like a stack of
plates or ribbon
candy
 Stores and packages
proteins
 Molecules
transported to and
from the Golgi by
vesicles
 BAG
CELL
TWIZZLER
VESICLES
 Bud
off from the
Golgi bodies
 Hold
and then
move the protein
molecule
 BAG
CELL:
ENVELOPE
LYSOSOMES


Garbage disposal
(or recycling) of
the cell
Contain digestive
enzymes that
break down wastes
BAG CELL: CANDY
CORN
MITOCHONDRIA
 “Powerhouse
of the
cell”
 Cellular
respiration occurs
here to release
energy for the cell
to use
 BAG
CELL: BEAN
CYTOPLASM
 Gel-like
material in
a cell where all the
organelles are
 Supports
the
organelles
 Gives
 BAG
cell shape
CELL: OIL OR
JELLO
ORGANELLES IN PLANT
CELLS
© J Beauchemin
CELL WALL
 Found
in plant and
bacterial cells
 Rigid, protective
barrier
 Located outside of
the cell membrane
 Made of cellulose
(fiber)
 BAG CELL: PAPER
BAG
CHLOROPLAST
 Found
only in
plant cells
 Contains the green
pigment
chlorophyll
 Site of food
(glucose)
productionphotosynthesis
 BAG CELL:
GREEN M&M’s
VACUOLES
 Large
central
vacuole usually in
plant cells
 Many smaller
vacuoles in animal
cells
 Storage container
for water, food,
enzymes, wastes,
pigments, etc
 BAG CELL: WATER
BALLOON
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE
VACUOLE WHEN A PLANT
DOESN’T GET ENOUGH WATER?
HOW
PLANT
&
ANIMAL CELLS ARE THE SAME
Both have a nucleus, ribosomes,
vescicles,
Both contain mitochondria, golgi
bodies, & ER
22
Both have a cell membrane
surrounding the cytoplasm
HOW
PLANT/AMIMAL CELLS ARE DIFFERENT
Plant cells
smaller in size
larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present
23
Animal cells
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANT CELLS
ANIMAL CELLS
AND
Plant cells
Vacuole small or
absent
Large central
vacuole
Lysosomes to get rid
of waste
No lysosomevacuole does that job
Nucleus at the center
Nucleus near cell
wall
24
Animal cells
QUICK REVIEW

Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
LABEL AND COMPLETE THE CELL
DIAGRAMS
WORKSHEET 50.5 FROM YESTERDAY (PLANT
AND ANIMAL CELLS)
 LABEL THE ANIMAL CELL PARTS- CPO PG 143
 DESCRIBE EACH ORGANELLE FUNCTION
ON THE LINES BELOW THE PICTURE.


DO THE SAME WITH THE PLANT CELL- PG
147.
COMPLETE THE VOCAB WORKSHEET I GAVE
YOU YESTERDAY AS WELL- BOTH SIDES
 They are all part of your notebook- don’t hand them
