Section 4-2 “Structures and
Functions of Protists”
Euglena
Structure of the Euglena
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
I.) Describe the cellular structures and functions of the
Paramecium.
II.) Describe the cellular structures and functions of the
Amoeba.
III.) Describe the cellular structures and functions of the
Euglena.
IV.) Describe the cellular structures and functions of the
Volvox.
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to
answer the questions:
I.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Paramecium.
II.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Amoeba.
III.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Euglena.
IV.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Volvox.
Animal Like Protists: PARAMECIUM & AMOEBA
a.) Protists that are classified as animal-like are called protozoans and
share some common traits with animals. All animal-like protists are
heterotrophs. Likewise, all animal-like protists are able to move in their
environment in order to find their food. Unlike, animals, however,
animal-like protists are all unicellular.
b.) Animal-like protists are divided into four basic groups based on how
they move and live.
https://prezi.com/foggows-mmhd/7th-grade-science-biology/
Amoeba
Paramecium
Giardia
Animal Like Protists: PARAMECIUM
- These protists move by beating tiny hair-like structures called
cilia. The cilia act as tiny oars that allows the protist to move
through its watery environment (check it out). The cilia also help
the protists capture food.
http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/tickit/carl/protists.html#Plant
https://prezi.com/foggows-mmhd/7th-grade-science-biology/
Paramecium: There are several structures
and functions within the Paramecium:
I.) Cilia -hair like appendages that help the
paramecium move food into the oral groove.
II.) Cytoplasm - intercellular fluid needed to
contain vital cell parts.
“Cyto” meaning CELL
“Plasm” meaning BLOOD
III.) Contractile Vacuole: contracts and forces
extra water out of the cell.
IV.) Food Vacuole - storage pocket for food.
V.) Macronucleus - larger nucleus which
performs normal cell functions.
IV.) Micronucleus - smaller nucleus which is
responsible for cell division.
http://101science.com/paramecium.htm
Animal Like Protists: Amoeba
- These protists move by extending their bodies forward and
then pulling the rest of their bodies forward as well (check it
out). The finger-like structures that they project forward are
called pseudopods. The pseudopods are also used to trap
food.
http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/tickit/carl/protists.html#Plant
https://prezi.com/foggows-mmhd/7th-grade-science-biology/
Amoeba - There are several structures and
functions of the amoeba:
I.) Pseudopod - Pseudopodium means ‘false foot’. The
amoeba move by stretching its cytoplasm into finger like
extensions called pseudopodia.
II.) Contractile Vacuole - The contractile vacuole removes
excess water to the outside from time to time
(osmoregulation) so that the amoeba does not burst. Because
the concentration of solutes in the cytoplasm is greater than
that in the surrounding fresh water, the water tends to enter
the cytoplasm by osmosis via the partially permeable cell
membrane.
III.) Nucleus - A large, disk-shaped nucleus found in the cell
controls the growth and reproduction of the
amoeba. Amoeba reproduce through binary fission where
the nucleus copies its genetic material and the cytoplasm
splits into two new daughter cells, each identical to the
original parent.
IV.) Cytoplasm - Cytoplasm is the living substance which
contains all the chemical reactions necessary for life.
V.) Food Vacuoles - Microscopic organisms are taken into the
cytoplasm with a drop of water forming a temporary vacuole.
These organisms are then digested and then exits through a
structure called a food vacuole.
VI.) Cell membrane: The cell membrane is flexible and
porous. It allows the amoeba to change shape. The amoeba
"breathes" using this membrane. It also controls the entry and
exit of substances into and out of the cytoplasm
Plant Like Protists: EUGLENA & VOLVOX
a.) Plant-like protists are autotrophic.
b.) They can live in soil, on the bark of trees, in fresh water, and in salt water.
c.) These protists are very important to the Earth because they produce a lot of
oxygen, and most living things need oxygen to survive. Furthermore, these plant-like
protists form the base of aquatic food chains.
d.) These plant-like protists can be unicellular, multicellular, or live in colonies. The
plant-like protists are divided into four basic groups: euglenoids, dinoflagellates,
diatoms, and algae.
http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/tickit/carl/protists.html#Plant
https://prezi.com/foggows-mmhd/7th-grade-science-biology/
Euglena
Volvox
Plant Like Protists: EUGLENA
- Autotrophs when sunny
- Heterotrophs when dark
- Unicellular
- Found mostly in fresh water
- Some have flagellum
http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/tickit/carl/protists.html#Plant
https://prezi.com/foggows-mmhd/7th-grade-science-biology/
Euglena – there are several different
structures and functions of the euglena!
I.) Flagellum- A long, mobile filament that the Euglena uses
to propel itself in its environment.
II.) Reservoir- The part used for storage of nutrients.
III.) Stigma- A light sensitive-spot that allows the Euglena to
detect light, so that it may move towards it in order to
conduct photosynthesis.
IV.) Chloroplast- Organelle that allows the organism to
conduct photosynthesis.
V.) Contractile Vacuole- Expels excess water into the
reservoir, or else the cell would burst.
VI.) Pellicle- Stiff membrane made of proteins and
somewhat flexible, can also be used for locomotion when
crunching up and down or wriggling.
VII.) Nucleus- The central organelle which contains DNA
and controls the cell's activity, contained within the
Nucleolus
http://euglenabiology.weebly.com/structure--function.html
Plant Like Protists: Volvox
- Are green in color
- Mostly unicellular, but some form colonies, and a few are multicellular
- Live in fresh water, salt water, and a few live on land
- It exists as a grand spherical colony. Each little alga within the colony bears two
flagella, whip-like hairs. The individual alga are connected to each other by thin
strands of cytoplasm that enable the whole colony to swim in a coordinated fashion.
The individual alga also have small red eye spot.
http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/tickit/carl/protists.html#Plant
https://prezi.com/foggows-mmhd/7th-grade-science-biology/
By the end of this lesson, students will be able to
answer the questions:
I.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Paramecium.
II.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Amoeba.
III.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Euglena.
IV.) What are the cellular structures and functions of the
Volvox.